Too Much Johnson is a 1938 American silent comedy film written and directed by Orson Welles. An unfinished film component of a stage production, the film was made three years before Welles directed Citizen Kane, but it was never publicly screened. The film was shot to be integrated into Welles's Mercury Theatre stage presentation of William Gillette's 1894 comedy, but the motion picture sequences could not be shown due to the absence of projection facilities at the venue, the Stony Creek Theatre in Connecticut. The resulting plot confusion reportedly contributed to the stage production's failure.
Too Much Johnson | |
---|---|
Virginia Nicolson, Joseph Cotten and Ruth Ford in Too Much Johnson (1938) | |
Directed by | Orson Welles |
Produced by | John Houseman Orson Welles |
Screenplay by | Orson Welles |
Based on | Too Much Johnson by William Gillette |
Starring | Joseph Cotten Virginia Nicolson Edgar Barrier Arlene Francis |
Music by | Paul Bowles (Music for a Farce) |
Cinematography | Paul Dunham |
Edited by | William Alland Orson Welles Richard Wilson |
Production company | Mercury Theatre |
Distributed by | Warner Bros. Pictures |
Release date |
|
Running time | 66 minutes |
Country | United States |
Language | English |
Budget | $10,000 |
The film was believed to be lost, but in 2008 a print was discovered in a warehouse in Pordenone, Italy. The film premiered on October 9, 2013, at the Pordenone Silent Film Festival. In 2014, the work print and a modern edit of the film were made available online by the National Film Preservation Foundation.
Two previous films had been made of this play, a short film in 1900 and a feature length Paramount film in 1919 starring Lois Wilson and Bryant Washburn. Both of these films are now lost.
Screenplay
- Joseph Cotten as Augustus Billings
- Virginia Nicolson as Lenore Faddish
- Edgar Barrier as Leon Dathis
- Arlene Francis as Mrs. Dathis
- Ruth Ford as Mrs. Billings
- Howard Smith as Joseph Johnson
- Mary Wickes as Mrs. Battison
- Eustace Wyatt as Faddish
- Guy Kingsley as MacIntosh
- George Duthie as Purser
- John Houseman as Keystone Kop and Duelist
- Herbert Drake as Keystone Kop
The film was not intended to stand by itself, but was designed as the cinematic aspect of Welles's Mercury Theatre stage presentation of William Gillette's 1894 comedy about a New York playboy who flees from the violent husband of his mistress and borrows the identity of a plantation owner in Cuba who is expecting the arrival of a mail-order bride.
Welles planned to mix live action and film for this production. The film was designed to run 40 minutes, with 20 minutes devoted to the play's prologue and two 10-minute introductions for the second and third act. Welles planned to create a silent film in the tradition of the Mack Sennett slapstick comedies, in order to enhance the various chases, duels and comic conflicts of the Gillette play.
"The multi-media concept was a throwback to the early age of cinema when vaudeville shows were punctuated by quick cinematic vignettes," wrote Welles biographer Bret Wood.:51
Welles thought highly of Joseph Cotten as a comic actor,:166 and cast him as the lead in the farce. Other Mercury Theatre actors included Ruth Ford, Arlene Francis, Howard Smith, Mary Wickes and Eustace Wyatt. Welles's wife, Virginia Nicolson, appeared in the film under her professional pseudonym Anna Stafford. Bit parts were given to Welles's Mercury Theatre producer John Houseman, assistant director John Berry, composer Marc Blitzstein, and Herbert Drake, the New York Herald Tribune drama reporter who became the Mercury Theatre's publicist and, later, vice president. Although writer Frank Brady reported that Welles gave himself a small role as a Keystone Kop, Welles is not seen in the film. Among the uncredited extras for a crowd sequence was a young Judy Holliday.
Harry Dunham, a newsreel and documentary cameraman who was an old friend of Paul Bowles, was the film's cinematographer. Location photography took place in New York City's Battery Park and Central Park. Additional shooting took place on a Hudson River day-trip excursion boat and at locations in Yonkers, New York, and Haverstraw, New York. Interior shots were set up at a studio in the Bronx, New York. For the Cuban plantation, Welles created a miniature structure next to a papier-mâché volcano, with store-bought tropical plants to suggest the exotic Caribbean flora.
Joseph Cotten and Edgar Barrier
Orson Welles directing
Joseph Cotten and John Berry
Eustace Wyatt and Virginia Welles
Mary Wickes, Ruth Ford and Marc Blitzstein
Marc Blitzstein
Herbert Drake as a Keystone Kop
Guy Kingsley, Virginia Welles, Eustace Wyatt and George Duthie
Joseph Cotten on the sailing to Cuba
Orson Welles directing
Stage manager Walter Ash and (holding the sign) John Houseman
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