Thunderball is a 1965 British spy film and the fourth in the James Bond series produced by Eon Productions, starring Sean Connery as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond. It is an adaptation of the novel of the same name by Ian Fleming, which in turn was based on an original screenplay by Jack Whittingham. It was directed by Terence Young, with its screenplay by Richard Maibaum and John Hopkins. The movie would have been the first of the Bond series if not for legal disputes over copyright issues.
Thunderball | |
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British cinema poster for Thunderball, designed and illustrated by Robert McGinnis and Frank McCarthy | |
Directed by | Terence Young |
Produced by | Kevin McClory |
Screenplay by | Richard Maibaum John Hopkins Original Screenplay: Jack Whittingham |
Story by | Kevin McClory Jack Whittingham Ian Fleming |
Based on | Thunderball by Ian Fleming |
Starring | Sean Connery Claudine Auger Adolfo Celi Luciana Paluzzi Rik Van Nutter |
Music by | John Barry |
Cinematography | Ted Moore |
Edited by | Ernest Hosler |
Production company | Eon Productions |
Distributed by | United Artists |
Release date |
|
Running time | 130 minutes |
Country | United Kingdom |
Language | English |
Budget | $9 million |
Box office | $141.2 million |
The film follows Bond's mission to find two NATO atomic bombs stolen by SPECTRE, which holds the world to ransom for £100 million in diamonds, in exchange for not destroying an unspecified major city in either the United Kingdom or the United States (later revealed to be Miami). The search leads Bond to the Bahamas, where he encounters Emilio Largo, the card-playing, eye patch-wearing SPECTRE Number Two. Backed by CIA agent Felix Leiter and Largo's mistress, Domino Derval, Bond's search culminates in an underwater battle with Largo's henchmen. The film had a complex production, with four different units and about a quarter of the film consisting of underwater scenes. Thunderball was the first Bond film shot in widescreen Panavision and the first to have running time of over two hours.
Thunderball was associated with a legal dispute in 1961 when former Ian Fleming collaborators Kevin McClory and Jack Whittingham sued him shortly after the 1961 publication of the novel, claiming he based it upon the screenplay the trio had earlier written in a failed cinematic translation of James Bond. The lawsuit was settled out of court and Bond film series producers Albert R. Broccoli and Harry Saltzman, fearing a rival McClory film, allowed him to retain certain screen rights to the novel's story, plot, and characters, and for McClory to receive sole producer credit on this film; Broccoli and Salzman were instead credited as Executive Producers.
The film was a success, earning a total of $141.2 million worldwide, exceeding the earnings of the three previous Bond films. In 1966, John Stears won the Academy Award for Best Visual Effects and production designer Ken Adam was also nominated for a BAFTA award. Thunderball is the most financially successful film of the series in North America when adjusting for ticket price inflation. Some critics and viewers showered praise on the film and branded it a welcome addition to the series, while others complained of the repetitively monotonous aquatic action and prolonged length. In 1983, Warner Bros. released a second film adaptation of the novel under the title Never Say Never Again, with McClory as executive producer.
Screenplay
James Bond attends the funeral of Colonel Jacques Bouvar, a SPECTRE operative connected with the previous murders of two MI6 agents. Bouvar is alive and disguised as his own widow, but Bond identifies him. Pursuing Bouvar to his château, Bond fights and kills him, escaping with use of a jetpack and his Aston Martin DB5, conveniently driven up by French agent, Madame La Porte.
At a SPECTRE meeting in Paris, chaired by the enigmatic Number One, Emilio Largo (SPECTRE operative Number Two) introduces the group's latest project: hijacking two atomic bombs and holding NATO for ransom. The plot begins at Shrublands sanatorium, located close to a NATO air base. Coincidentally, James Bond is at Shrublands to improve his health. There, he notices that fellow patient Count Lippe has a Tong tattoo. Bond searches Lippe's room, and is seen leaving by the man in the adjoining room, whose head is covered in bandages. Lippe tries to murder Bond with a spinal traction machine, but Bond is saved by his physiotherapist, Patricia Fearing, whom he then blackmails into having sex in exchange for not telling her employer about the incident on the machine.
Lippe and Angelo Palazzi, the bandaged man, are part of SPECTRE's plot. Angelo's face has been surgically altered to match French Air Force pilot François Derval, who is also staying at Shrublands. Derval is slated to fly on a training mission aboard an RAF Avro Vulcan strategic jet bomber loaded with two atomic bombs. Angelo kills Derval, collects $100,000 from SPECTRE Agent Fiona Volpe, then demands an extra $150,000 for the job. Fiona seemingly acquiesces. The next morning, Angelo takes Derval's place on the flight. Angelo gasses the rest of the crew, then flies the Vulcan to the Bahamas, landing it in shallow water near Largo's ship, the Disco Volante. SPECTRE SCUBA divers, commanded by Largo, retrieve the atomic bombs. Angelo, trapped by his seat strapping, is left to drown by Largo for reneging on his original deal with SPECTRE.
Meanwhile, Bond has uncovered Derval's corpse at the clinic. On the motorway to London, Lippe attacks Bond. But a masked motorcyclist kills Lippe with a rocket-propelled grenade and zooms off. The rider abandons the motorcycle and unmasks: it is Fiona, acting on Ernst Stavro Blofeld's orders to eliminate Lippe for hiring the greedy Angelo.
At an MI6 conference in London, all of the 00 agents are informed that SPECTRE demands £100 million from NATO in exchange for returning the bombs, and threatens to destroy a major city in the United States or the United Kingdom. Bond recognizes the briefing photograph of Derval as the corpse at Shrublands. He asks M to send him to Nassau, Bahamas, to contact Derval's sister, Domino.
While snorkelling, Bond meets Domino. Later, at a casino, he encounters Largo and Domino, who is his mistress. Bond enters a game against Largo and wins, and subsequently takes Domino to a dance. Bond and Largo recognise each other as adversaries and begin a tense cat-and-mouse game while still pretending ignorance of each other's true nature. Bond meets Felix Leiter and Q, and is issued various gadgets, including an underwater infrared camera, a distress beacon, underwater breathing apparatus, a flare gun, and a Geiger counter. Diving under the Disco Volante, Bond fails to find the atomic bombs, but detects an underwater hatch; Bond narrowly escapes Largo's henchmen. The next day, Bond visits Largo at his estate, Palmyra. Bond's partner, Paula Caplan, is taken to Palmyra and then commits suicide with a cyanide pill rather than reveal Bond's next plan.
Bond is kidnapped by Volpe, but escapes through a Junkanoo celebration to the Kiss Kiss club, where Volpe is accidentally shot and killed by her own bodyguard. Bond and Felix search for the Vulcan, finding it under water. Bond tells Domino that Largo killed her brother and asks her for help in finding the bombs, giving her his Geiger counter. As she searches for the bombs on the ship, she is caught and tortured by Largo.
Meanwhile, Bond disguises himself as a Largo henchman, and uncovers Largo's plan to destroy Miami Beach. Bond is discovered by Largo, but rescued by Leiter, who has United States Coast Guard men parachute into the area via US Air Force transport aircraft. After an underwater battle, Largo's divers surrender. Largo escapes to the Disco Volante, which has one of the bombs on board. As it begins to leave, Bond gets on a underwater fin. Royal Navy and U.S. Coast Guard vessels pursue the Disco Volante, but Largo jettisons the rear of the ship, revealing the front as a hydrofoil, which escapes at high speed in a smoke cloud. Bond climbs into the ship's cockpit, where he battles Largo and two crewmen while the ship weaves erratically among rocks and reefs. Meanwhile Largo's hired nuclear physicist Kutze turns against him and frees Domino. Largo is about to kill Bond when Domino shoots Largo with a harpoon gun. Bond, Domino, and Kutze jump overboard, and the ship runs aground and explodes. A sky hook-equipped CIA B-17 aircraft then rescues Bond and Domino.
- Sean Connery as James Bond (007): An MI6 agent assigned to retrieve two stolen nuclear weapons
- Adolfo Celi as Emilio Largo (voice dubbed by Robert Rietty): Main antagonist. SPECTRE's Number Two, he creates a scheme to steal two atomic bombs.
- Claudine Auger as Dominique "Domino" Derval (voice dubbed by Nikki van der Zyl): Largo's mistress, in early drafts of the screenplay, Domino's name was Dominetta Palazzi. When Claudine Auger was cast as Domino, the name was changed to Derval to reflect her nationality. The character's wardrobe reflects her name, as she is usually dressed in black and/or white.
- Luciana Paluzzi as Fiona Volpe: SPECTRE agent, who becomes François Derval's mistress and later assists Largo in Nassau
- Rik Van Nutter as Felix Leiter: CIA agent who helps Bond
- Bernard Lee as M: Head of MI6
- Martine Beswick as Paula Caplan: Bond's CIA ally in Nassau who is kidnapped by Vargas and Janni and then commits suicide
- Guy Doleman as Count Lippe: the SPECTRE agent in charge of the operation of replacing Derval with Angelo, he tries to kill Bond at the health clinic and is later assassinated by SPECTRE agent Volpe under orders from Blofeld by means of an RPG mounted on a motorcycle as punishment for Lippe's poor judgement in hiring the greedy Angelo.
- Molly Peters (voice dubbed by Barbara Jefford) as Patricia Fearing: A physiotherapist at the health clinic
- Earl Cameron as Pinder: Bond and Felix Leiter's assistant in the Bahamas
- Paul Stassino as François Derval and Angelo Palazzi: Derval is a French Air Force pilot assigned to the NATO staff and also Domino's brother. He is killed by Angelo, who impersonates him. Angelo hijacks the jet and is killed by Largo for trying to extort more money.
- Desmond Llewelyn as Q: MI6's quartermaster, he supplies Bond with multipurpose vehicles and gadgets useful for the latter's missions.
- Roland Culver as the Home Secretary: British Minister who briefs the "00" agents for Operation Thunderball and has doubts about Bond's efficiency
- Lois Maxwell as Miss Moneypenny: M's secretary
- Philip Locke as Vargas: Largo's personal assistant and henchman, his ascetic demeanour emphasises his devotion as a killer. He is killed by Bond with a spear gun on the beach.
- George Pravda as Ladislav Kutze: A nuclear physicist, he aids Largo with the captured bombs, but when Largo disregards the authorities firing on them, he pities and rescues Domino.
- Michael Brennan as Janni: one of Largo's henchmen, usually paired with Vargas
- Rose Alba as Madame Boitier
- Leonard Sachs as Group Captain
- Edward Underdown as Air Vice Marshal
- Reginald Beckwith as Kenniston
- Maryse Guy Mitsouko as Madame La Porte: a French secret service agent (uncredited)
- Anthony Dawson as Ernst Stavro Blofeld (voiced by Eric Pohlmann): The head of SPECTRE (both uncredited)
- Bill Cummings as Quist: one of Largo's henchmen, he is spared by Bond, but thrown to the sharks on Largo's orders. (uncredited)
- André Maranne as SPECTRE Number Ten (uncredited)
- Victor Beaumont as SPECTRE Number Three (uncredited)
- Ronald Livens as Ground Aircrew (uncredited)
Legal disputes
Originally meant as the first James Bond film, Thunderball was the centre of legal disputes that began in 1961 and ran until 2006. Former Ian Fleming collaborators Kevin McClory and Jack Whittingham sued Fleming shortly after the 1961 publication of the Thunderball novel, claiming he based it upon the screenplay the trio had earlier written in a failed cinematic translation of James Bond. The lawsuit was settled out of court; McClory retained certain screen rights to the novel's story, plot, and characters. By then, Bond was a box-office success, and series producers Broccoli and Saltzman feared a rival McClory film beyond their control; they agreed to McClory's producer's credit of a cinematic Thunderball, with them as executive producers.
Later, in 1964, Eon producers Broccoli and Saltzman agreed with McClory to cinematically adapt the novel; it was promoted as "Ian Fleming's Thunderball". Yet, along with the official credits to screenwriters Richard Maibaum and John Hopkins, the screenplay is also identified as 'based on an original screenplay by Jack Whittingham' and as 'based on the original story by Kevin McClory, Jack Whittingham, and Ian Fleming'. To date, the novel has twice been adapted cinematically; the 1983 Jack Schwartzman-produced Never Say Never Again features Sean Connery as James Bond, but is not an Eon production.
Casting
Broccoli's original choice for the role of Domino Derval was Julie Christie following her performance in Billy Liar in 1963. Upon meeting her personally, however, he was disappointed and turned his attentions towards Raquel Welch after seeing her on the cover of the October 1964 issue of Life. Welch, however, was hired by Richard Zanuck of 20th Century Fox to appear in the film Fantastic Voyage the same year, instead. Faye Dunaway was also considered for the role and came close to signing for the part. Saltzman and Broccoli auditioned an extensive list of rel
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