The Reader is a 2008 German-American romantic drama film directed by Stephen Daldry and written by David Hare, based on the 1995 German novel of the same name by Bernhard Schlink. Ralph Fiennes and Kate Winslet star along with the young actor David Kross. It was the last film for producers Anthony Minghella and Sydney Pollack, both of whom died prior to its release. Production began in Germany in September 2007, and the film opened in limited release on December 10, 2008.
The Reader | |
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Theatrical release poster | |
Directed by | Stephen Daldry |
Produced by |
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Screenplay by | David Hare |
Based on | Der Vorleser by Bernhard Schlink |
Starring |
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Music by | Nico Muhly |
Cinematography |
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Edited by | Claire Simpson |
Production companies |
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Distributed by | The Weinstein Company |
Release date |
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Running time | 124 minutes |
Country |
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Language |
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Budget | $32 million |
Box office | $108.4 million |
The film tells the story of Michael Berg, a German lawyer who, as a mid-teenager in 1958, has an affair with an older woman, Hanna Schmitz, who then disappears only to resurface years later as one of the defendants in a war crimes trial stemming from her actions as a guard at a Nazi concentration camp. Michael realizes that Hanna is keeping a personal secret she believes is worse than her Nazi past – a secret which, if revealed, could help her at the trial.
Winslet and Kross, who plays the young Michael, received acclaim for their performances; Winslet won a number of awards for her role, including the Academy Award for Best Actress. The film itself was nominated for several other major awards, including the Academy Award for Best Picture.
Screenplay
In 1995 Berlin, after a woman who has spent the night leaves his apartment abruptly after he has made her breakfast, Michael Berg watches an U-Bahn pass by, setting up a flashback to a tram in 1958. In the flashback, the 15-year-old Michael (David Kross) gets off because he feels sick and wanders the streets, pausing in the entryway of a nearby apartment building where he vomits. Hanna Schmitz (Kate Winslet), a tram conductor returning home, cleans him up and helps him return home.
Michael, diagnosed with scarlet fever, recuperates at home for the next three months. After he recovers, he visits Hanna with flowers to thank her.
The 36-year-old Hanna seduces him, and they begin an affair. They spend much of their time together having sex in her apartment after she has had Michael read to her from literary works he is studying. After a bicycling trip, Hanna learns she is being promoted to a clerical job at the tram company. She abruptly moves without telling Michael.
In 1966, Michael is at Heidelberg University Law School. As part of a special seminar, the students observe a trial (similar to the Frankfurt Auschwitz Trials) of several women accused of letting 300 Jewish women die in a burning church when they were SS guards on the death march following the 1944 evacuation of a concentration camp near Krakow. Michael is stunned to see that Hanna is one of the defendants.
The key evidence in the trial is the testimony of Ilana Mather (Alexandra Maria Lara), author of a memoir relating how she and her mother (Lena Olin), who also testifies, survived. She describes how Hanna had women from the camp read to her in the evenings.
Hanna, unlike her co-defendants, admits that Auschwitz was an extermination camp and that the 10 women she chose during each month's Selektion were gassed. She denies authorship of a report on the church fire, despite pressure from the other defendants, but then admits it rather than comply with a demand to provide a handwriting sample.
Michael realizes Hanna's secret: she is illiterate and has concealed it her whole life. The other guards who claim she wrote the report are lying to place responsibility on Hanna. Michael informs the professor that he has information favorable to one of the defendants but is not sure what to do, since the defendant herself chose not to disclose the information. Michael arranges a visit with Hanna in prison, but once there he leaves without seeing her.
Hanna receives a life sentence for her admitted leadership role in the church deaths, while the other defendants are sentenced to four years and three months each. Michael (Ralph Fiennes), meanwhile, marries, has a daughter, and divorces. Retrieving his books from the time of his and Hanna's affair, he begins reading them into a tape recorder. He sends the cassette tapes and a recorder to Hanna. Eventually, she begins to check the books out from the prison library and teaches herself to read and write by following along with Michael's tapes. She starts writing back to Michael in brief, childlike notes, asking him to write to her. As time goes on, the letters reflect her gradually improving literacy.
Michael does not write back or visit, but continues simply sending tapes. In 1988, a prison official (Linda Bassett) telephones him to seek his help with Hanna's transition into society after her upcoming early release for good behavior. He finds a place for her to live and a job, and finally visits Hanna a week before her release. In their meeting, Michael remains somewhat distant and confronts her about what she has learnt from her past, to which she replies, "It doesn't matter what I feel. It doesn't matter what I think. The dead are still dead", seemingly disappointing him.
Michael arrives at the prison on the date of Hanna's release with flowers only to discover that Hanna hanged herself. She has left a tea tin with cash in it with a note asking Michael to give the cash and money in a bank account to Ilana. He discovers that she killed herself out of guilt after reading Ilana's memoir relating her horrifying experience in the concentration camp.
Michael travels to New York City where he meets Ilana (now Lena Olin) and confesses his relationship with Hanna. He tells her about the suicide note and Hanna's illiteracy. Ilana tells Michael there is nothing to be learned from the camps and refuses the money. Michael suggests that the money be donated to an organization that combats adult illiteracy. She suggests he donate the money as he sees fit. Ilana keeps the tea tin since it is similar to one stolen from her in Auschwitz.
The movie ends with Michael driving Julia, his daughter, to Hanna's grave and telling her their story.
- Kate Winslet as Hanna Schmitz
- Ralph Fiennes as the older Michael Berg
- David Kross as the younger Michael Berg
- Bruno Ganz as Professor Rohl, a Holocaust survivor
- Alexandra Maria Lara as Ilana Mather, a former victim of a concentration camp
- Lena Olin as Rose Mather (Ilana's mother), and as the older Ilana Mather
- Vijessna Ferkic as Sophie, Michael's friend at school
- Karoline Herfurth as Marthe, Michael's friend at university and eventual wife
- Burghart Klaußner as the judge at Hanna's trial
- Linda Bassett as Mrs. Brenner, prison official
- Hannah Herzsprung as Julia, Michael Berg's daughter in 1995
- Jeanette Hain as Brigitte, Michael's girlfriend in 1995
- Susanne Lothar as Carla Berg, Michael's mother
- Matthias Habich as Peter Berg, Michael's father
- Florian Bartholomäi as Thomas Berg, Michael's brother
- Alissa Wilms as Emily Berg, Michael's sister
- Sylvester Groth as the prosecutor at Hannah's trial
- Fabian Busch as the defense lawyer at Hannah's trial
- Volker Bruch as Dieter Spenz, a student in the seminar group
In April 1998 Miramax Films acquired the rights to the novel The Reader, and principal photography began in September 2007 immediately after Stephen Daldry was signed to direct the film adaptation and Fiennes was cast in a lead role. Winslet was originally cast as Hanna, but scheduling difficulties with Revolutionary Road led her to leave the film and Nicole Kidman was cast as her replacement. In January 2008, Kidman left the project, citing her recent pregnancy as the primary reason. She had not filmed any scenes yet, so the studio was able to recast Winslet without affecting the production schedule.
Filming took place in Berlin, Görlitz, on the Kirnitzschtal tramway near Bad Schandau, and was finished in Cologne on July 14. Filmmakers received $718,752 from Germany's Federal Film Board. Overall, the studio received $4.1 million from Germany's regional and federal subsidiaries.
Schlink insisted the film be shot in English rather than German, as it posed questions about living in a post-genocide society that went beyond mid-century Germany. Daldry and Hare toured locations from the novel with Schlink, viewed documentaries about that period in German history, and read books and articles about women who had served as SS guards in the camps. Hare, who rejected using a voiceover narration to render the long internal monologues in the novel, also changed the ending so that Michael starts to tell the story of Hanna and him to his daughter. "It's about literature as a powerful means of communication, and at other times as a substitute for communication", he explained.
The primary cast, all of whom were German besides Fiennes, Olin, and Winslet, decided to emulate Kross's accent since he had just learned English for the film. Chris Menges replaced Roger Deakins as cinematographer. One of the film's producers, Scott Rudin, left the production over a dispute about the rushed editing process to ensure a 2008 release date and had his name removed from the credit list. Rudin differed with Harvey Weinstein "because he didn't want to campaign for an Oscar along with Doubt and Revolutionary Road, which also stars Winslet." Winslet won the Best Actress Academy Award for The Reader. Marc Caro wrote, "Because Winslet couldn't get Best Actress nominations for both movies, the Weinstein Co. shifted her to supporting actress for The Reader as a courtesy..." but that it is "... up to to place the name in the category that they think is appropriate to the performance", resulting in her receiving more Best Actress nomination votes for this film than the Best Actress submission of her Revolutionary Road performance. Winslet's head-to-head performances also won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress for Revolutionary Road and Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress for The Reader.
Entertainment Weekly reported that to "age Hanna from cool seductress to imprisoned war criminal, Winslet endured seven and a half hours of makeup and prosthetic prep each day."
Lisa Schwarzbaum of Entertainment Weekly writes that "Ralph Fiennes has perhaps the toughest job, playing the morose adult Michael – a version, we can assume, of the author. Fiennes masters the default demeanor of someone perpetually pained."
The sex scenes were shot last, after Kross had turned 18. A merkin was designed for Winslet's frontal nude scenes, but she refused to wear it.
On December 10, 2008 The Reader had a limited release at 8 theaters and grossed $168,051 at the domestic box office in its opening weekend. The film had its wide release on January 30, 2009 and grossed $2,380,376 at the domestic box office. The film's widest release was at 1,203 theaters on February 27, 2009, the weekend after the Oscar win for Kate Winslet.
In total, the film has grossed $34,194,407 at the domestic box office and $108,901,967 worldwide. The film was released in the US on April 14 (DVD) and April 28 (Blu-ray), 2009 and in the UK on May 25, 2009 (both versions). In Germany two DVD versions (single disc and 2-disc special edition) and Blu-ray were released on September 4, 2009.
The Reader received mixed to positive reviews and has a rating of 62% on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 196 reviews, with an average score of 6.4/10. The consensus states, "Despite Kate Winslet's superb portrayal, The Reader suggests an emotionally distant, Oscar-baiting historical drama." The film has a score of 58 out of 100 on Metacritic based on 38 reviews.
Ann Hornaday of The Washington Post wrote, "This engrossing, graceful adaptation of Bernhard Schlink's semi-autobiographical novel has been adapted by screenwriter David Hare and director Stephen Daldry with equal parts simplicity and nuance, restraint and emotion. At the center of a skein of vexing ethical questions, Winslet delivers a tough, bravura performance as a woman whose past coincides
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