The Householder

The Householder
	DVD cover art
Directed by	James Ivory
Produced by	Ismail Merchant
Screenplay by	Ruth Prawer Jhabvala; James Ivory
Based on	The Householder; by Ruth Prawer Jhabvala
Starring	Shashi Kapoor; Leela Naidu; Durga Khote
Music by	Ustad Ali Akbar Khan
Cinematography	Subrata Mitra
Edited by	Raja Ram Khetle
Distributed by	Royal Films International
Release date	1963; ; ; ; ;
Running time	101 minutes
Country	India
Language	English/Hindi

The Householder (Hindi title: Gharbar) is a 1963 film by Merchant Ivory Productions, with a screenplay by Ruth Prawer Jhabvala and James Ivory, and direction of James Ivory. It is based upon the 1960 novel of the same name by Jhabvala.

This was the first collaboration between producer Ismail Merchant and director James Ivory, a documentary filmmaker till then. They went on to make nearly forty films together, many of which were written by Ruth Prawer Jhabvala, who also adapted many adaptations of literary classics for them, such as Henry James‘ The Europeans (1979) and The Bostonians (1984), E.M. Forster‘s A Room with a View (1985) and Howards End (1992), and Peter Cameron‘s The City of Your Final Destination (2009).

Synopsis

Prem Sagar (Shashi Kapoor), a teacher at a private college in Delhi, is married to Indu (Leela Naidu) in an arranged marriage recently and is still learning ropes of relationships, when the arrival of Prem's mother (Durga Khote) spells doom to their budding relationship. Indu, unable to handle her interference in the marriage, leaves Prem to return to her family. Prem searches for answers from a variety of people, including a Swami (Pahari Sanyal), who reveals the secret of a successful marriage, as a result, he finally gains the maturity to love his wife.

Cast

Shashi Kapoor - Prem Sagar
Leela Naidu– Indu
Durga Khote - Prem's mother
Achla Sachdev - Mrs. Saigal
Harindranath Chattopadhyay - Mr. Chadda
Pratap Chandra Sen- Sohanlal
Romesh Thapar - Mr. Khanna (The Principal)
Indu Lele - Mrs. Khanna
Pinchoo Kapoor - Mr. Saigal
Prayag Raaj - Raj
Shama Beg - Mrs. Raj
Patsy Dance - Kitty
Walter King - Professor
Ernest Castaldo - Ernest
Pahari Sanyal - Swami

Production

Ivory had shot documentary, The Delhi Way was editing it in New York, when he met anthropologist Gitel Steed, who was developing a project based on her screenplay, Devgar about a village in Gujarat. Ismail Merchant was producing the film and had started getting together the finances for the film. Sidney Meyers was the director, while Ivory agreed to shoot the film, whose cast included Shashi Kapoor, Durga Khote and Leela Naidu. When the film fell through due to lack of complete financing, Merchant suggested the idea of The Householder, and the same cast was used. The film cost $125,000, with some of the money Ivory had borrowed from his father. It was made in two versions, Hindi and English, the latter was picked by Columbia Pictures.

Shooting for the film started in 1961 and was completed in 1963. The film was shot entirely on location in Delhi, Mehrauli and Ghaziabad. Satyajit Ray exerted an important influence both on Ivory and Merchant, as well as on this film. In an uncredited assist, he supervised the film's music production and re-cut the film for Merchant and Ivory. He also lent his cameraman, Subrata Mitra, as the director of photography, and as a result the film is infused with the fluid, restrained lyricism that characterizes Ray's work.^[5]

Crew

Music: Ustad Ali Akbar Khan
Incidental Music
- Jyotirendera Moitra
- Vanraj Bhatia
Costume Design - Bettina Gill
Production - Bhanu Ghosh
Hindi dialogue - R.G. Anand

Reception

A Channel 4 review called it "a low-key but rewarding character piece" and "an artful social satire and also a quietly affecting love story",^[6] while The New York Times was rather dismissive.^[7]

Mike Clark of USA Today called it: "...A charming comedy of marital discord...", gave it, 3?¹?₂ out of 4 stars.^[4]