Suspiria (Latin: , lit. "sighs") is a 1977 Italian supernatural horror film directed by Dario Argento, co-written by Argento and Daria Nicolodi, partially based on Thomas De Quincey's 1845 essay Suspiria de Profundis (Sighs from the Depths) and co-produced by Claudio and Salvatore Argento. The film stars Jessica Harper as an American ballet student who transfers to a prestigious dance academy in Germany but realizes, after a series of brutal murders, that the academy is a front for a supernatural conspiracy. It also features Stefania Casini, Flavio Bucci, Miguel Bosé, Alida Valli, Udo Kier and Joan Bennett, in her final film role.
Suspiria | |
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Original Italian theatrical release poster | |
Directed by | Dario Argento |
Produced by | Claudio Argento |
Written by |
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Based on | Suspiria de Profundis by Thomas De Quincey |
Starring |
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Narrated by |
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Music by |
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Cinematography | Luciano Tovoli |
Edited by | Franco Fraticelli |
Production company | Seda Spettacoli |
Distributed by | Produzioni Atlas Consorziate |
Release date |
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Running time | 98 minutes |
Country | Italy |
Language | Italian |
Box office | ?1.43 million (Italy) $1.8 million (North American rentals) |
The film is the first of the trilogy Argento refers to as The Three Mothers, which also comprises Inferno (1980) and The Mother of Tears (2007). Suspiria has become one of Argento's most successful feature films, receiving critical acclaim for its visual and stylistic flair, use of vibrant colors and its score by the prog-rock band Goblin.
Suspiria was nominated for two Saturn Awards: Best Supporting Actress for Bennett in 1978, and Best DVD Classic Film Release, in 2002. It has become a cult classic, and is recognised as an influential film in the horror genre. It served as the inspiration for a 2018 film of the same title, directed by Luca Guadagnino.
Screenplay
Suzy Bannion, an American ballet student, arrives in Munich to study at the Tanz Dance Academy in Freiburg. En route to the school, she sees another student, Patricia Hingle, fleeing in terror. The person on the intercom refuses to let Suzy in the school; as she returns to town, Suzy sees a disoriented Patricia running wildly through the woods. Patricia hides at a friend's apartment, where she reveals she has discovered something terrifying hidden within the school. She locks herself in the bathroom, only for an unseen assailant to pull her out on the roof and stab her multiple times, before tying a noose around her neck and throwing her mangled body through the apartment building's stained glass skylight. While attempting to alert other tenants to the murder, Pat's friend is impaled and killed by falling debris.
The next morning, Suzy returns to the school, where she meets an instructor, Miss Tanner, and the headmistress, Madame Blanc. Miss Tanner introduces Suzy to some of the other students, including Olga, her roommate, and Sara. Suzy falls ill during one of her dance classes. Olga kicks Suzy out of her apartment and she is forced to stay at the school. The school's physician, Professor Verdegast, decides that Suzy's hemorrhaging is to be treated with a regular glass of wine. Suzy learns her room is next to Sara's and they become friends.
While the school is preparing to eat dinner one night, larvae begin falling from the ceiling. The students are forced to sleep in one of the dance halls, where Madame Blanc explains that rotten food in the attic is the source of the larvae. As the students fall asleep, a woman enters the dance hall and lies down behind a makeshift curtain, obscuring her identity. From the woman's distinctive labored breathing, Sara is able to identify her as the academy's director, who is supposedly away from the school for the next month. A few days later, the school's blind pianist, Daniel, is fired by Miss Tanner after his seeing-eye dog bites Madame Blanc's nephew, Albert. That night, Daniel is stalked by an unseen force while walking through a plaza; suddenly, his dog attacks and kills him by ripping out his throat.
Suzy remembers that Patricia had uttered the words secret iris as she was fleeing the school. Sara reveals she was the person on the intercom the night Suzy arrived, and that Patricia was acting strangely and had become paranoid. Suzy suddenly falls unconscious, and Sara is forced to flee when an unknown figure enters the room. The person pursues Sara through the school and into the attic, where she locks herself in a storage room. As the pursuer attempts to open the door, Sara escapes through a window into another room, where she becomes entangled in a pit of razor wire. The black-gloved person enters the room and slits her throat with a razor, killing her.
The next day, Suzy assumes that Sara has run away. She seeks help from Sara's close friend, Frank Mandel, a psychiatrist. Mandel reveals that the school was established by a Greek woman named Helena Markos, who locals believed was a witch. Markos perished in a fire that destroyed most of the school. One of Mandel's colleagues, Professor Milius, explains that a coven is unable to survive without its leader—a true witch and the source of its power.
Suzy returns to the school and finds the rest of the students are attending the Bolshoi Ballet. She promptly disposes of her food and wine, which she suspects are drugged. Suzy follows the sound of footsteps to Madame Blanc's office, where she discovers a mural of irises painted on the wall. Turning one of the irises results in a secret door opening to a concealed part of the school. Suzy explores the hidden passage and overhears Madame Blanc and the school staff plotting her demise. Blanc's nephew, Albert, spots Suzy and alerts a servant, Pavlo, to her presence. Suzy finds Sara's disfigured body pinned to a casket, and hides in another room.
Suzy realizes someone else is in the room sleeping; she deduces it is Helena Markos, who has been pretending to be the school's director the whole time. She accidentally awakens Markos, who taunts her invisibly and summons Sara's reanimated body to murder her. However, the contours of Markos' body are revealed by flashes of lightning, and Suzy takes the opportunity to stab her through the neck with a glass peacock quill, killing her and banishing Sara's body. The school begins to crumble around Suzy, who watches as Madame Blanc, Miss Tanner, and the rest of Markos' coven perish along with her. She escapes into the rainy night, and leaves smiling as the academy is destroyed in a fire.
- Jessica Harper as Suzy Bannion
- Stefania Casini as Sara
- Flavio Bucci as Daniel
- Miguel Bosé as Mark (dubbed in the English release by Gregory Snegoff)
- Alida Valli as Miss Tanner
- Joan Bennett as Madame Blanc
- Udo Kier as Dr. Frank Mandel (dubbed by Frank von Kugelgen)
- Barbara Magnolfi as Olga (dubbed by Carolyn De Fonseca)
- Eva Axén as Pat Hingle
- Rudolf Schündler as Professor Milius (dubbed by Geoffrey Copleston)
- Susanna Javicoli as Sonia
- Franca Scagnetti as Cook
- Giuseppe Transocchi as Pavlo
- Jacopo Mariani as Albert
- Renato Scarpa as Professor Verdegast
- Margherita Horowitz as Teacher
- Ted Rusoff as Police Inspector (dubbing in the English release)
- Lela Svasta as Mater Suspiriorum/Helena Markos (uncredited)
- Dario Argento as Narrator (uncredited) (dubbed by William Kiehl) (uncredited)
Development
Argento based Suspiria in part on Thomas De Quincey's essay Suspiria de Profundis (1845). Critic Maitland McDonagh notes: "In Argento's reading , the three mothers generate/inhabit a cinematic world informed by Jungian archetypal imagery, each holding sway over a particular city." Argento said the idea for the film came to him after a trip through several European cities, including Lyon, Prague, and Turin. He became fascinated by the "Magic Triangle," a point where the countries of France, Germany, and Switzerland meet; this is where Rudolf Steiner, a controversial social reformer and occultist, founded an anthroposophic community. Commenting on witchcraft and the occult, Argento stated: "There's very little to joke about. It's something that exists." The title and general concept of "The Three Mothers"—a concept Argento would expand upon in Inferno and Mother of Tears—came from De Quincey's essay, which was an uncredited inspiration for the film. There is a section in the work entitled "Levana and Our Ladies of Sorrow". The piece asserts that just as there are three Fates and three Graces, there are three Sorrows: "Mater Lacrymarum, Our Lady of Tears", "Mater Suspiriorum, Our Lady of Sighs", and "Mater Tenebrarum, Our Lady of Darkness".
Daria Nicolodi helped Argento write the screenplay for the film, which combined the occult themes that interested Argento with fairytales that were inspiring to Nicolodi, such as Bluebeard, Pinocchio, and Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. Nicolodi also partially based her contributions to the screenplay on a personal story her grandmother had told her, in which her grandmother had gone to take a piano lesson at an unnamed academy where she believed she encountered black magic. The encounter terrified her grandmother, prompting her to flee. This story, however, was later said by Argento to have been fabricated. Using Nicolodi's core ideas, Argento helped co-write the screenplay, which he chose to set at a dance academy in Freiburg, Germany. The lead character of Suzy Banyon was based on Snow White. Initially, the characters in the film were very young girls—around eight to ten years old—but this was altered when the film's producers were hesitant to make a film with all young actors. Additionally, the final sequence of the film was based on a dream Nicolodi had while she was staying in Los Angeles.
Casting
American actress Jessica Harper was cast in the lead role of American ballet dancer Suzy Banyon, after attending an audition via the William Morris Agency. Argento chose Harper based on her performance in Brian De Palma's Phantom of the Paradise (1974). Upon being cast in the film, Harper watched Argento's Four Flies on Grey Velvet (1971) to better understand the director's style. Harper turned down a role in Woody Allen's Annie Hall (1977) in order to appear in the film.
Argento requested Italian actress Stefania Casini for the supporting role of Sara, a request which she obliged, having been an admirer of his films. Daria Nicolodi had originally planned on playing the role of Sara, but was unable to due to illness, and Casini was brought in at the last minute. German actor Udo Kier was cast in the minor supporting role of Frank Mandel.
Filming
The majority of Suspiria was shot at De Paoli studios in Rome, where key exterior sets (including the façade of the academy) were constructed. Actress Harper described the film shoot as "very, very focused", as Argento "knew exactly what he was looking for". The façade of the academy was replicated on a soundstage from the real-life Whale House in Freiburg. Additi
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