Sleeping Beauty is a 1959 American animated musical fantasy film produced by Walt Disney based on The Sleeping Beauty by Charles Perrault. The 16th Disney animated feature film, it was released to theaters on January 29, 1959, by Buena Vista Distribution. This was the last Disney adaptation of a fairy tale for some years because of its initial mixed critical reception and underperformance at the box office; the studio did not return to the genre until 30 years later, after Walt Disney died in 1966, with the release of The Little Mermaid (1989).
Sleeping Beauty | |
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Original theatrical poster | |
Directed by | Supervising Director Clyde Geronimi Sequence Directors Eric Larson Wolfgang Reitherman Les Clark |
Produced by | Walt Disney |
Written by | Erdman Penner |
Story by |
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Based on | Sleeping Beauty by Charles Perrault |
Starring |
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Narrated by | Marvin Miller |
Music by | George Bruns (adapted from Tchaikovsky's Sleeping Beauty Ballet) |
Edited by | Robert M. Brewer, Jr. Donald Halliday |
Production company | Walt Disney Productions |
Distributed by | Buena Vista Distribution |
Release date |
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Running time | 75 minutes |
Country | United States |
Language | English |
Budget | $6 million |
Box office | $51.6 million |
It features the voices of Mary Costa, Eleanor Audley, Verna Felton, Barbara Luddy, Barbara Jo Allen, Bill Shirley, Taylor Holmes, and Bill Thompson.
The film was directed by Les Clark, Eric Larson, and Wolfgang Reitherman, under the supervision of Clyde Geronimi, with additional story work by Joe Rinaldi, Winston Hibler, Bill Peet, Ted Sears, Ralph Wright, and Milt Banta. The film's musical score and songs, featuring the work of the Graunke Symphony Orchestra under the direction of George Bruns, are arrangements or adaptations of numbers from the 1890 Sleeping Beauty ballet by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. However, unlike the previous feature-films, this was the first Disney feature-film that did not have the same background animation material, but instead with new background animation material.
Sleeping Beauty was the first animated film to be photographed in the Super Technirama 70 widescreen process, as well as the second full-length animated feature film to be filmed in anamorphic widescreen, following Disney's own Lady and the Tramp four years earlier. The film was presented in Super Technirama 70 and 6-channel stereophonic sound in first-run engagements.
Screenplay
After many childless years, King Stefan and Queen Leah happily welcome the birth of their daughter, the Princess Aurora. They proclaim a holiday for their subjects to pay homage to the princess and at the gathering for her christening she is betrothed to Prince Phillip, the young son of King Stefan's best friend King Hubert, so that their kingdoms will be forever united.
Among the guests are the three good fairies, Flora, Fauna, and Merryweather, who have come to bless the child with gifts. Flora and Fauna give their gifts of beauty and song, respectively. But before Merryweather is able to give her blessing, the evil witch Maleficent appears, only to be told that she was not invited. Maleficent turns to leave, but when Queen Leah asks if she's offended, the evil witch curses the princess, proclaiming that Aurora will grow in grace and beauty, but before the sun sets on her sixteenth birthday, she will prick her finger on the spindle of a spinning wheel and die. King Stefan and Queen Leah are horrified and beg the fairies to undo the curse. Unfortunately, they are not powerful enough to do so, but Merryweather uses her blessing to weaken the curse so that instead of dying, Aurora will fall into a deep sleep from which she can only be awakened by true love's first kiss. King Stefan, still fearful for his daughter's life, orders all spinning wheels throughout the kingdom to be burned. The fairies do not believe that it will be enough to keep Aurora safe, and so, with the reluctant acceptance of King Stefan and Queen Leah, they bring her away to a woodcutter's cottage in the forest until the day of her sixteenth birthday.
Years later, Aurora, renamed Briar Rose, has grown into a beautiful young woman. On the day of her sixteenth birthday, the three fairies ask her to gather berries in the forest so they can prepare a surprise party for her. Aurora befriends the animals of the forest and sings them a song, Once Upon a Dream. While singing in the forest, Aurora attracts the attention of Phillip, now a handsome young man. He races to find the origin of the beautiful voice and is instantly struck by Aurora's grace and beauty. Aurora at first is frightened at his sudden appearance, as she is not allowed to talk to strangers, but Phillip soon puts her at ease. They instantly fall in love, unaware of being promised in marriage sixteen years ago. Aurora asks Phillip to come to her cottage that evening and meet her family.
Meanwhile, Flora and Merryweather argue over the color of Aurora's ball gown, which attracts the attention of Maleficent's raven, revealing the location of Aurora. Back at home, Aurora is thrilled to tell her guardians that she met a man and fell in love with him. The fairies finally tell Aurora the truth about her royal heritage, that she is a princess and already betrothed at birth to a prince, and tell her she must never see the man she met again. Heartbroken, she cries in her room. Meanwhile, Phillip tells his father of a peasant girl he met and wishes to marry in spite of his prearranged marriage to Aurora. King Hubert fails to convince his son otherwise, leaving him in equal disappointment.
Later that night, the fairies take Aurora back to the castle and leave her alone in a room to wait for her birthday celebrations where she will finally get to see her parents. Maleficent then appears and magically lures Aurora into a dark tower room away from the fairies and tricks the princess into touching the spindle of a cursed spinning wheel. Aurora pricks her finger, fulfilling the curse. The three fairies place Aurora on a bed in the highest tower and place a powerful spell on all the people in the kingdom, causing them to fall asleep until the spell on their princess is broken. While doing so, they overhear a sleepy conversation between the two kings. From King Hubert's conversation with King Stefan, the fairies realize that Phillip is the man with whom Aurora has fallen in love. They rush to find him, but he is abducted by Maleficent who is waiting for him at the cottage in the forest. She shows Phillip the peasant girl he fell in love with is the now-sleeping princess. She tells him she plans to keep him locked away for a century until he's an old man on the verge of death, then release him to meet his love, who will not have even aged a single day.
The fairies find and release Phillip, arming him with the magical Sword of Truth and the Shield of Virtue. An enraged Maleficent tries to stop Phillip by surrounding Stefan's castle with thorns, but fails. She then teleports herself in front of him and transforms into a gigantic dragon. Eventually, Phillip throws the sword, blessed by the fairies' magic, directly into Maleficent's heart, causing her to fall to her death.
Phillip awakens Aurora with a kiss, breaking the spell and thereby waking everyone in the castle. The royal couple descends to the ballroom, where Aurora is happily reunited with her parents, while King Hubert is confused of how the two young royals met. Flora and Merryweather resume their petty argument over the color of Aurora's ball gown, magically changing it from blue to pink while the happy couple waltzes. The last color to appear is pink. The scene then fades to Aurora and Phillip dancing then kissing on a cloud. They all live happily ever after.
Role | Voice actor | Performance model |
---|---|---|
Princess Aurora | Mary Costa | Helene Stanley |
Prince Phillip | Bill Shirley | Ed Kemmer |
Maleficent | Eleanor Audley | |
Fairies (Flora, Fauna, and Merryweather) | Verna Felton Barbara Jo Allen Barbara Luddy |
Frances Bavier Madge Blake Spring Byington |
King Stefan | Taylor Holmes | N/A |
Queen Leah | Verna Felton | |
King Hubert | Bill Thompson |
- Marc Davis - (Princess Aurora, Maleficent)
- Milt Kahl - (Prince Phillip)
- Frank Thomas and Ollie Johnston - (The Three Good Fairies: Flora, Fauna, and Merryweather)
- John Lounsbery - (King Hubert, King Stefan)
Eric Larson did not animate any of the characters for the film; instead, he directed the entire "Forest" sequence which stretches from Briar Rose (a.k.a. Aurora) wandering through the forest with her animal friends all the way to Princess Aurora renamed Briar Rose running back home, promising Phillip they will meet again later in the evening. This was the only time Larson directed a sequence or a film during his tenure at Walt Disney Productions.
Story development
Following the critical and commercial success of Cinderella, writing for Sleeping Beauty began in early 1951. Partial story elements originated from discarded ideas for Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs including Maleficent's capture of Prince Philip and his dramatic escape from her fortress and Cinderella where a fantasy sequence featured the leading protagonists dancing on a cloud which was developed, but eventually dropped from the film. By the middle of 1953, director Wilfred Jackson had recorded the dialogue, assembled a story reel, and was to commence for preliminary animation work where Princess Aurora and Prince Phillip were to meet in the forest and dance, though Walt Disney decided to throw out the sequence delaying the film from its initial 1955 release date. For a number of months, Jackson, Ted Sears, and two story writers underwent a rewrite of the story, which received a lukewarm response from Disney. During the story rewriting process, the story writers felt the original fairy tale's second act felt bizarre and with the wake-up kiss serving as a climactic moment, they decided to concentrate on the first half finding strength in the romance. However, they felt little romance was developed between the strange prince and the princess that the storyboard artists worked out an elaborate sequence in which the king organized a treasure hunt. The idea was eventually dropped when it became too drawn out and drifted from the central storyline. Instead, it was written that Prince Phillip and Princess Aurora would meet in the forest by random chance while Princess Aurora renamed Briar Rose was conversing with the forest animals. Additionally, because the original Perrault tale had the curse last one hundred years, the writers decided to shorten it a few hours with the time spent for Prince Phillip to battle the goons, overcome several obstacles, and fight off against Maleficent transformed into a dragon.
The name given to the princess by her royal birth parents is "Aurora" (Latin for "dawn"), as it was in the original Tchaikovsky ballet. This name occurred in Charles Perrault's version as well, not as the princess's name, but as her daughter's. In hiding, she is called Briar Rose, the name of the princess in the Brothers Grimm's version variant. The prince was given the princely name most familiar to Americans in the 1950s: Prince Phillip. Named after Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, the character has the distinction of being the first Disney prince to have a name as the two princes in Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (The Prince) and Cinderella (Prince Charming) are never named.
In December 1953, Jackson suffered a heart attack, as a result of which directing animator Eric Larson of Disney's Nine Old Men took over as director. By April 1954, Sleeping Beauty was scheduled for a February 1957 release. With Larson as the director, Disney instructed Larson, whose unit would animate the forest sequence, that the picture was to be a "moving illustration, the ultimate in animation" and added that he did not care how long it would take. Because of the delays, the release date was again pushed back from Christmas 1957 to Christmas 1958. Fellow Nine Old Men Milt Kahl would blame Walt for the numerous release delays because "he wouldn’t have story meetings. He wouldn't get the damn thing moving." Relatively late in production, Disney removed Larson as the supervising director and replaced him with Clyde Geronimi. Directing animator Wolfgang Reitherman would join Geronimi as sequence director over the climactic dragon battle sequence commenting that "We took the approach that we were going to kill that damned prince!". Les Clark, another member of the Nine Old Men, would serve as the sequence director of the elaborate opening scene where crowds of the citizens in the kingdom arrive at the palace for the presentation of Princess Aurora.
Art direction
The animation style moved away from the Rococo of Cinderella and also
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