Repulsion is a 1965 British psychological horror film directed by Roman Polanski, and starring Catherine Deneuve, Ian Hendry, John Fraser and Yvonne Furneaux. The screenplay is based on a scenario by Gérard Brach and Polanski, involving a young withdrawn woman who finds sexual advances repulsive and who, after she is left alone by her vacationing sister, becomes even more isolated and detached from reality. Shot in London, it is Polanski's first English-language film and second feature-length production, following Knife in the Water (1962).
Repulsion | |
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Theatrical release poster | |
Directed by | Roman Polanski |
Produced by | Gene Gutowski |
Screenplay by | Roman Polanski Gérard Brach David Stone |
Story by | Roman Polanski Gérard Brach |
Starring | Catherine Deneuve Yvonne Furneaux Ian Hendry John Fraser |
Music by | Chico Hamilton |
Cinematography | Gilbert Taylor |
Edited by | Alastair McIntyre |
Distributed by | Compton Films Royal Films International |
Release date |
|
Running time | 105 minutes |
Country | United Kingdom |
Language | English |
Budget | £65,000 |
Box office | $3,122,166 |
The film debuted at the 1965 Cannes Film Festival before receiving theatrical releases internationally. Upon its release, Repulsion received considerable critical acclaim and currently is considered one of Polanski's greatest works. The film was nominated for a BAFTA Award for Gilbert Taylor's cinematography.
Screenplay
Carol Ledoux (Catherine Deneuve), a Belgian manicurist, lives in Battersea, London, with her older sister Helen (Yvonne Furneaux). Carol, presumably suffering from psychosis, is remarkably detached, and struggles in her daily interactions. A would-be suitor, Colin (John Fraser), is enamored with her, and makes fervent attempts to court her. Spotting her on her lunch break, he interrupts, and insists that they go to a different restaurant. She declines, and instead he walks her back to work, and asks if he will see her that night. She again declines, saying that she is having dinner with her sister. He asks if she will have dinner with him the next day instead, and she smiles and walks off.
Carol is troubled by her sister's relationship with a man named Michael (Ian Hendry), whom she seems to greatly dislike. He arrives as Helen is preparing rabbit for dinner, and suggests that he and Helen go out for dinner instead. They do, leaving Carol home alone. That same night, she is unable to sleep, bothered by the sounds of their lovemaking. The next morning, she asks if he plans to stay there every night, and Helen rebukes her. They receive a call from their landlord, who demands that they pay their overdue rent. Helen says that Carol will come around the next day and pay it in person.
Later, as Carol walks home from work in a daze, she is bothered by a crevice in the sidewalk. Colin happens upon her as she sits on a bench, gazing into the crevice. He accosts her for missing their dinner date, and she struggles to respond. He offers to drive her home. As they sit in front of her apartment, he makes several attempts to kiss her. He finally does, and she pulls away. Immediately after, she runs upstairs and vigorously brushes her teeth, then retreats to her room in tears. The phone rings and Helen answers it, and there is no one on the other line. She later confronts Carol for throwing away Michael's belongings.
The next morning, Helen leaves to go on holiday in Italy with Michael, telling Carol that she has left the rent money on the table. At work, Carol is increasingly despondent, and is sent home early. At the apartment, she pulls the uncooked rabbit out of the fridge. She receives a phone call, and upon answering it there is again no one on the other line. At the same time she notices the rent money and realizes she forgot to pay it. As she washes her face, she examines Michael's straight razor. She then notices a dirty article of his clothing on the floor. Originally intending to throw it away, she instead smells it, which causes her to vomit.
Daydreaming, drinking a glass of water, she notices a crack in the wall coming from a vent. Wandering into her sister's room, she pulls a dress out of her wardrobe to try on. As she closes the wardrobe, she sees a dark figure in the mirror standing in the corner of the room. That night she hears footsteps outside her door as she is lying in bed. The next morning she runs a bath and walks away from it, causing it to overflow. After work, she returns home and notices the plate of uncooked rabbit which she had left out the day before. As she turns on a light, the wall underneath the switch cracks open, exposing a large crevice. She locks herself in her room and again hears footsteps. This time, she hallucinates a man, presumably the dark figure, who breaks into her room and rapes her.
She is awoken on the floor of the hallway by the phone ringing. She answers it, and Colin is on the other line. Without responding, she hangs up. Later at work, it is revealed that Carol has missed three days of work without notice. As she is giving a manicure, she dissociates, and stabs her client in the finger. She is sent home early. As her friend gathers her belongings for her, she notices the detached head of the uncooked rabbit in her purse. At a bar, Colin's friends tease him for his infatuation with Carol, and give him advice on how to coerce her into having sex with him. Angered with them, he storms off.
Carol meanders home as if in a stupor. At the apartment, she looks on at an old family photo. As she does this, the wall behind the photograph shatters like a mirror, exposing many large crevices. Colin, frustrated with her failure to reciprocate his interest, shows up at her apartment. As she refuses to open the door, he proceeds to break it down. He apologizes, explaining that he only acts out of adoration for her. As he turns his back to close the door, she clubs him repeatedly with a candlestick until he stops moving. Realizing what she's done, she cleans the blood off the door and boards it shut, placing Colin's dead body in the bathtub.
Carol later gets into bed and, hallucinating, pulls away the sheets and reveals the same man as before, who proceeds to rape her again. She wakes up the next morning, naked on the floor, and sees that Helen and Michael have sent her a postcard from Italy. As she wanders around the apartment in a disorientated state, a hand reaches out from a crevice in the wall and grabs her breast. She runs off, and several more hands appear, pulling at her clothes and hair. Later, she receives a call from a stranger who accuses her of sleeping with her husband. She hangs up. As she receives another call, she cuts phone cord in half.
The landlord (Patrick Wymark) arrives, and breaks into the apartment, attempting to collect the overdue rent. She pays him and then sits on the couch. As he examines the apartment, he reacts with disgust at the filth, particularly the decomposed rabbit. He brings her a glass of water and covers her with a blanket, going on to comment extensively on how lonely she must be. He touches her and she pulls away. He propositions her, much to her horror, and says that she could forget about the rent. He lunges on top of her, and she pushes him off. As he comes at her again, she slits his throat using Michael's straight razor. She continues to attack him with the razor until he succumbs to blood loss.
When she wakes up, the wall above her cracks open. She uses an iron which is not plugged in to steam the same article of clothing of Michael's which made her vomit. She applies red lipstick in the mirror. Lying in bed, she is again raped by the same man she hallucinated before. Later, she is furiously mouthing words and scratching them into a window pane. Walking around the apartment, she wanders into the hallway, as numerous hands emerge from the walls and close in on her, touching and pulling at her. Lying in bed, the ceiling collapses on her.
Helen and Michael arrive home, and Helen is dismayed seeing the apartment in disarray. Michael walks in and happens on Helen hyperventilating. She points him to the bathroom, and he sees Colin's dead body. Michael attempts to contact the police, but realizes the phone has been disconnected. Helen then finds Carol underneath her bed in a catatonic state. Her neighbors flood in and crowd around her body. Michael picks her up and carries her out, smiling at her as she looks on at him.
- Catherine Deneuve as Carole/Carol Ledoux
- Yvonne Furneaux as Hélène/Helen Ledoux
- Ian Hendry as Michael
- John Fraser as Colin
- Patrick Wymark as Landlord
- Valerie Taylor as Madame Denise
- James Villiers as John
- Helen Fraser as Bridget
- Hugh Futcher as Reggie
- Mike Pratt as Workman
- Renée Houston as Miss Balch
- Monica Merlin as Mrs. Rendlesham
- Imogen Graham as Manicurist
The story for Repulsion was conceived by Polanski and Gérard Brach, who wrote an outline of the script in Paris. According to Polanski, the film was shot on a modest budget of £65,000. To finance the film, Polanski and producer Gene Gutowski approached Paramount Pictures and British Lion Films, but both companies refused. Eventually, Polanski and Gutowski signed a contract with Compton Pictures, a small distribution company that had been known primarily for its distribution of softcore pornography films.
The film was shot in black and white by Gilbert Taylor, who had recently worked on Dr. Strangelove and A Hard Day's Night. Taylor photographed the apartments of female friends in Kensington for inspiration.
The film is unusual for being a horror movie that features a female killer. It explores the repulsion Carol feels about human sexuality in general and her suitors' pursuit of her in particular.
The movie vaguely suggests that her father may have sexually abused her as a child, which is the basis of her neuroses and breakdown. Other critics have noted Carol's repeated usage of items related to her sister's boyfriend Michael, as well as noting that his presence greatly provokes Carol at the beginning of the film.
The film also approaches the theme of boundary breaking, with Tamar McDonald stating that she saw Carol as refusing to conform to the expected "path of femininity".
It increasingly adopts the perspective of its protagonist. The dream sequences are particularly intense.
Repulsion was the first installment in Polanski's "Apartment Trilogy", followed by Rosemary's Baby (1968) and The Tenant (1976), both of which are horror films that also take place primarily inside apartment buildings.
Critical response
Film critic Bosley Crowther of The New York Times gave the film a positive review stating, "An absolute knockout of a movie in the psychological horror line has been accomplished by Roman Polanski in his first English-language film." Jim Emerson, filling in for Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times, included the film in his list entitled "102 Movies You Must See Before...".
Upon the film's release to DVD, Dave Kehr reviewed the film for The New York Times praising the film's techniques and themes, saying, "Mr. Polanski uses slow camera movements, a soundtrack carefully composed of distracting, repetitive noises (clocks ticking, bells ringing, hearts thumping) and, once Carol barricades herself in the cramped, dark apartment, explicitly expressionistic effects (cracks suddenly ripping through walls, rough hands reaching out of the darkness to grope her) to depict a plausible schizophrenic episode."
Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that 100% of 60 film critics have given the film a positive review, with a rating average of 8.9 out of 10. The consensus states "Roman Polanski's first English film follows a schizophrenic woman's descent into madness, and makes the audience feel as claustrophobic as the character." As of January, 2018, the film is number 33 on Rotten Tomatoes' list of best rated films. Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average score out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, gives the film a score of 91 based on 8 reviews.
Accolades
At the 15th Berlin International Film Festival in 1965, Repulsion won both the FIPRESCI Prize and the Silver Berlin Bear-Extraordinary Jury Prize. The film was also nominated for a BAFTA in Best Black and White Cinematography.
In 2009, the film was released as part of the Criterion Collection on DVD and Blu-ray. Both releases contain two documentary featurettes, audio commentary by Roman
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