A hill station is a town located at a higher elevation than the nearby plain or valley. The term was used mostly in colonial Asia, but also in Africa (albeit rarely), for towns founded by European colonial rulers as refuges from the summer heat, up where temperatures are cooler. In the Indian context, most hill stations are at an altitude of approximately 1,000 to 2,500 metres (3,300 to 8,200 ft); very few are outside this range.
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History
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Hill stations in India were established for a variety of reasons. After the revolt of 1857 the "British sought further distance from what they saw as a disease-ridden land by escape to the Himalayas in the north and Nilgiri Hills in the south", a pattern which started even before 1857. Other factors included anxieties about the dangers of life in India, among them "fear of degeneration brought on by too long residence in a debilitating land." The hill stations were meant to reproduce the home country, illustrated in Lord Lytton's statement about Ootacamund, in the 1870s, "such beautiful English rain, such delicious English mud." Shimla was officially made the "summer capital of India" in the 1860s and hill stations "served as vital centers of political and military power, especially after the 1857 revolt.":2
Dane Kennedy, following Monika Bührlein, identifies three stages in the evolution of hill stations in India: high refuge, high refuge to hill station, and hill station to town. The first settlements started in the 1820s, primarily as sanitoria. In the 1840s and 1850s, there was a wave of new hill stations, with the main impetus being "places to rest and recuperate from the arduous life on the plains". In the second half of the 19th century, there was a period of consolidation with few new hill stations. In the final phase, "hill stations reached their zenith in the late nineteenth century. The political importance of the official stations was underscored by the inauguration of large and costly public-building projects."[2]:14
List of hill stations
Most hill stations are located in Asia:
Africa
Madagascar
- Antsirabe
Morocco
- Ifrane
Nigeria
- Jos
Uganda
- Fort Portal
Asia
Bangladesh
- Bandarban
- Jaflong
- Khagrachari
- Maulvi Bazaar
- Rangamati
- Sreemangal
- Sylhet
Burma
- Pyin U Lwin
- Kalaw
- Thandaung
Cambodia
- Bokor Hill Station
China
- Guling
- Mount Mogan
- Jigongshan
- Kuliang
- Beidaihe
Hong Kong
- Victoria Peak
India
Hundreds of hill stations are located in India. The most popular hill stations include:
- Araku Valley, Andhra Pradesh
- Aritar, Sikkim
- Chirmiri, Chhattisgarh
- Dalhousie
- Dhanaulti
- Darjeeling, West Bengal
- Pachmarhi
- Gangtok
- Gulmarg
- Kangra
- Khajjiar
- Kodaikanal
- Lonavala – Khandala
- Mahabaleshwar
- Matheran
- Manipal
- Manali
- Mount Abu
- Munnar
- Mussoorie
- Nainital
- Ootacamund ('Ooty')
- Rishikesh
- Shillong
- Shimla
Indonesia
- Garut in, West Java
- Puncak in West Java
- Batu in East Java
- Kaliurang in Central Java
- Munduk in Bali
- Bedugul in Bali
- Berastagi in North Sumatra
- Lembang in West Java
- Baturaden in Central Java
- Wonosobo in Central Java
- Tawangmangu in Central Java
- Bandungan, Semarang in Central Java
- Bukittinggi in West Sumatra
- Padang Panjang in West Sumatra
- Sawahlunto in West Sumatra
- Solok in West Sumatra
- Payakumbuh in West Sumatra
- Takengon in Aceh
- Tomohon in North Sulawesi
- Tana Toraja in South Sulawesi
Iraq
- Shaqlawa
- Amedi
- Rawanduz
- Sulaymaniyah
- Batifa
Malaysia
- Cameron Highlands
- Fraser's Hill
- Genting Highlands—founded following Malaysian independence
- Maxwell Hill
- Kinabalu National Park
- Penang Hill
- Gunung Mulu National Park
Myanmar
- Pyin Oo Lwin
- Taunggyi
Nepal
- Pokhara
- Namche Bazaar
- Bandipur
- Dhulikhel
- Tansen
- Nagarkot
- Gorkha Bazaar
- Daman
- Dharan
- Dhankuta
- Illam
- Lumle
- Kaande
- Sarangkot
- Baglung
- Jomsom
- Dingboche
- Kunde
- Khumjung
- Lukla
- Tengboche
- Phortse
- Bhimeshwar
- Besisahar
- Sandhikharka
- Tamghas
- Jomsom
- Thame
- Pangboche
- Phakding
- Simikot
- Dunai, Nepal
Pakistan
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
- Abbottabad
- Behrain
- Kalam Valley
- Malam Jabba
- Nathia Gali
- Shogran
- Chitral
- Jahaz Banda
Punjab
- Bhurban
- Charra Pani
- Murree
- Patriata
Sindh
- Gorakh Hill
- Bado Hill Station
Balochistan
- Ziarat
Gilgit Baltistan
- Hunza Valley
- Skardu
- Astore Valley
- Gilgit
- Nagar Valley
Philippines
- Baguio
- Salvador Benedicto
- Mambukal
- Tagaytay
- Sagada
Sri Lanka
- Nuwara Eliya
Syria
- Bloudan
- Masyaf
- Qadmous
- Zabadani
- Madaya
Vietnam
- Da Lat
- Sa Pa
- Tam ??o
- Bà Nà Hills
- B?ch Mã National Park
Europe
Cyprus
- Platres
France
- Les Deux Alpes
Oceania
Australia
- Mount Macedon
See also
- Tierra templada
- Tierra fría
Gallery
Antsirabe, Madagascar
Ifrane, Morocco
Tea plantations in Darjeeling, West Bengal, India
Bandarban District, Bangladesh
Manali, Himachal Pradesh, India
Munnar, Kerala, India
Puncak, West Java, Indonesia
Cameron Highlands, Malaysi
Release Date :12:00am on Tuesday 1st January 1957
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