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Heimat is a series of films written and directed by Edgar Reitz about life in Germany from the 1840s to 2000 through the eyes of a family from the Hunsrück area of the Rhineland. The family's personal and domestic life is set against the backdrop of wider social and political events. The combined length of the 5 films – broken into 32 episodes – is 59 hours and 32 minutes, making it one of the longest series of feature-length films in cinema history.
Heimat | |
---|---|
Original movie poster | |
Directed by | Edgar Reitz |
Produced by | Edgar Reitz Hans Kwiet Joachim von Mengershausen Robert Busch Christian Reitz Margaret Menegoz |
Written by |
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Starring | Marita Breuer Henry Arnold Salome Kammer Mathias Kniesbeck Michael Kausch Nicola Schössler Jan Dieter Schneider |
Music by | Nikos Mamangakis Michael Riessler |
Cinematography | Gernot Roll Gerard Vandenberg Christian Reitz Thomas Mauch |
Edited by |
|
Release date |
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Running time | ?59 1?2 hours (total) |
Country | West Germany |
Language | German Hunsrückisch |
The title Heimat (pronounced ) is a German word, often translated as "homeland" or "home place", but it has been alleged that the word has no true English equivalent. Usage has come to include that of an ironic reference to the film genre known as Heimatfilm which was popular in Germany in the 1950s. Heimat films were characterised by rural settings, sentimental tone and simplistic morality.
Aesthetically, the series is notable for the frequent switching between color and black-and-white film to convey different emotional states. In 1987 it won a BAFTA for "Foreign Television Programme".
The first film was released in 1984 with a followup in 1993. A direct sequel to the original film was released in 2003. In 2006, a film was released that created a narrative by featuring unused footage and outtakes. A prequel film to the original was released in 2013.
Screenplay
Tales from the Hunsrück Villages
Before creating the Heimat series, Edgar Reitz produced a documentary during 1980–81 about people from his home region, the Hunsrück, where he later set the Heimat series. In Geschichten aus den Hunsrückdörfern (English: Tales from the Hunsrück Villages) he showed people who had not left the region, unlike Heimat's theme of leaving home. This documentary is not considered to be part of the core Heimat series but set the stage for the work to come a few years later.
Autobiographical elements
Berkeley film and media professor Anton Kaes argued that auteur film-maker Reitz's trilogy was autobiographical. Reitz and Paul Simon, his fictional character in Heimat, had fathers who were skilled craftsmen. Edgar Reitz was born in 1932 and Paul Simon in 1898 in Hunsrück. They grew up there, then left when they were in their twenties and returned in their fifties.:164 Like Hermann Simon in the 1950s, Reitz left rural life for the world of German urban avant-garde arts and intelligentsia. Reitz worked at the Institute of Film Design in Ulm, while Hermann became a celebrated conductor in Munich. Wealthy American entrepreneur Paul Simon returned to Hunsrück only briefly when the war ended, but Hermann Simon's return was more permanent. He and his lover Clarissa restored a house overlooking the Rhine that lay in ruins, eventually composing music for representing and celebrating his relationship to Heimat. Both Hermann and Reitz "dramatized the tensions between staying home, leaving and returning" (Kaes 1989:164), Hermann through music and Reitz through film.
After watching Holocaust, Reitz was offended by the American 'melodramaticisation' of the tragic events and the positive reception the film received. In 1979, Reitz began to make notes of his own life and completed a 250-page screenplay draft based upon his youth. Later in the year, Reitz contacted Peter Steinbach and together after what was planned to be a single night, they stayed for the next thirteen months in a small hut in Woppenroth writing a script. They became friendly with the local villagers and invited them to comment on the characters and incidents in the story. In 1980, Reitz and Steinbach completed a 2,000-page screenplay. The success of Berlin Alexanderplatz had convinced television production companies that there was a market for sagas. After some haggling, Reitz managed to secure funding for the length of the script and remodeling of five Hunsrück villages.
Shooting began on the first film in May 1981, and continued for eighteen months. The cast consisted of 140 speaking parts, 32 full-time actors, 15 non-professional actors and 3,862 extras. Many of the cast had limited stage experience or no acting experience at all. While shooting, the villagers became heavily involved in the project and helped with re-modelling or set changes depending on the time period. Villagers put out advertisements in nearby villages in hope to find authentic items that could be used as props.
During shooting, Reitz decided that certain elements required extra emphasis that only colour could provide. However, Reitz was quick to deny any theories behind the alternations between black-and-white and colour.
Thirteen months were required for editing with Reitz working alongside Heidi Handorf. Together they created an eighteen-hour rough cut that was later trimmed to just over fifteen hours. Post-production continued until the premiere at Munich Film Festival in 1984. The entire project had taken over five years to complete.
While making Heimat, Reitz had become interested in developing a series of love stories with the working title of Men and Women. However, in October 1985, Reitz decided to make these tales the basis of Die Zweite Heimat (English: The Second Heimat). The film follows the character Hermann as he leaves to study music in Munich and meets new friends, who are all following their own dreams.
Running at over 25 hours, Die Zweite Heimat took over six years to write and production lasted 557 days. The cast comprised 71 leading actors, 310 supporting actors and 2,300 extras. The film's soundtrack also became the longest soundtrack ever produced.
Film | Episodes | Release | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Runtime | Release date | |||
Heimat | 11 | 15:24 hours | 16 September 1984 | |
Die Zweite Heimat a.k.a. Heimat 2 |
13 | 25:09 hours | 4 March 1993 | |
Heimat 3 | 6 | 12:41 hours | 15 December 2004 | |
Heimat Fragments | 1 | 2:26 hours | 2 September 2006 | |
Home from Home | 1 | 3:45 hours | 28 September 2013 |
Heimat
Heimat, the original series, premiered in 1984 and follows the life of Maria Simon, a woman living in the fictional village of Schabbach. It was filmed in and around the village of Woppenroth in Rhein-Hunsrück, a rural region of Germany to the west of the Rhineland-Palatinate. Subtitled Eine Deutsche Chronik — A German Chronicle, it consists of 11 episodes running in total to 15 hours 24 minutes of screen time. The film spans 1919 to 1982, and depicts how historical events affect the Simon family and the community in which they lived. At the start of each episode, Glasisch Karl narrates the story so far over photographs by Eduard Simon.
Heimat episodes | |||||
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No. | Title | Setting | Runtime | Release date | |
1 | "The Call of Faraway Places" "Fernweh" |
1919–1928 | 119 minutes | 16 September 1984 | |
2 | "The Centre of the World" "Die Mitte der Welt" |
1929–1933 | 90 minutes | 19 September 1984 | |
3 | "The Best Christmas Ever" "Weihnacht wie noch nie" |
1935 | 58 minutes | 23 September 1984 | |
4 | "The Highway" "Reichshöhenstraße" |
1938 | 58 minutes | 26 September 1984 | |
5 | "Up and Away and Back" "Auf und davon und zurück" |
1938–39 | 59 minutes | 8 October 1984 | |
6 | "The Home Front" "Heimatfront" |
1943 | 59 minutes | 15 October 1984 | |
7 | "Soldiers and Love" "Die Liebe der Soldaten" |
1944 | 59 minutes | 22 October 1984 | |
8 | "The American" "Der Amerikaner" |
1945–1947 | 102 minutes | 31 October 1984 | |
9 | "Little Hermann" "Hermännchen" |
1955–1956 | 138 minutes | 4 November 1984 | |
10 | "The Front Years" "Die stolzen Jahre" |
1967–1969 | 82 minutes | 21 October 1984 | |
11 | "The Feast of the Living and the Dead" "Das Fest der Lebenden und der Toten" |
1982 | 100 minutes | 24 October 1984 |
Die zweite Heimat (Leaving Home)
Die zweite Heimat (literally "The Second Heimat"; English title Heimat 2) (subtitled Chronik einer Jugend — Chronicle of a Youth) followed in 1992. It is set during the socially turbulent years of the 1960s and how Maria's youngest son Hermann leaves his rural home and makes a new life for himself as a composer in Munich.
Hermann is a musical prodigy whose teenage romance in 1955 with 26-year-old soul-mate Klärchen was considered scandalous by his conservative home village. It resulted in her being expelled and coerced not to contact him ever again. Hermann was crushed and vowed never to love again and to leave his wicked village forever. He arrives in Munich at age 19, overwhelmed and with
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