Head is a 1968 American satirical musical adventure film written by Jack Nicholson and Bob Rafelson, directed by Rafelson, starring television rock group The Monkees (Davy Jones, Micky Dolenz, Peter Tork and Michael Nesmith), and distributed by Columbia Pictures.
Head | |
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Theatrical release poster | |
Directed by | Bob Rafelson |
Produced by |
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Written by |
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Starring |
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Music by | Ken Thorne |
Cinematography | Michel Hugo |
Edited by | Mike Pozen |
Production company | Raybert Productions |
Distributed by | Columbia Pictures |
Release date |
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Running time | 86 minutes 110 minutes (Original cut) |
Country | United States |
Language |
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Budget | $750,000 |
Box office | $16,111 |
During production, one of the working titles for the film was Changes, which was later the name of an unrelated album by The Monkees. Another working title was Untitled. A rough cut of the film was previewed for audiences in Los Angeles in the summer of 1968 under the name Movee Untitled.
The film featured Victor Mature as "The Big Victor" and cameo appearances by Nicholson, Teri Garr, Carol Doda, Annette Funicello, Frank Zappa, Sonny Liston, Timothy Carey, Percy Helton and Ray Nitschke. Also appearing on screen in brief non-speaking parts are Dennis Hopper and film choreographer Toni Basil.
Screenplay
Head begins at the dedication of the Gerald Desmond Bridge. As a local politician struggles with his microphone during the dedication speech, The Monkees (Micky Dolenz, Davy Jones, Peter Tork, and Michael Nesmith) suddenly interrupt the ceremony by running through the assembled officials to the sound of various horns and sirens. Micky then jumps off the bridge into the water below. He floats around, unconscious, as several mermaids attempt to revive him.
The scene then transitions into a living room, in which the Monkees are having a kissing contest with a young woman, who pronounces them all "even". Then the opening song plays, filling the screen with images from the film, and ending with the Execution of Nguy?n V?n Lém followed by a woman screaming. However, the woman is not screaming in terror but in excitement, as the Monkees are about to take the stage at a concert. When the Monkees arrive, they lead the audience in a cheer of "WAR!"
The movie meanders along, alternating between scenes with the group and scenes with individual members. Each Monkee takes a turn in the spotlight, experiencing confusion and dissatisfaction with their situation. Together, they repeatedly find themselves trapped in some form of enclosure, from a vacuum cleaner to a large black box (which Micky says represents their universe). When trapped, they are alone and spend their time trying to find a way out, but each time they escape they have little control over the situations they find themselves in. Any initiative they do take is invariably short-lived.
Eventually Peter discovers a swami he believes to have "the answer", but when Peter tries to share this with the rest of the group, they initially ignore him. When they finally decide to listen, Davy becomes enraged with Peter's conclusion that, "I know nothing." Davy then goes on a rampage through the studio and the lot, eventually landing the group back inside the black box, which is then flown out to the desert. There they are released, only to face all their antagonists from the film.
The Monkees flee on foot, ending up at the bridge dedication shown at the beginning of the film. This time, we see all four Monkees jump from the bridge, still pursued by their enemies. As each Monkee lands in the water below, they begin to swim away. However, they soon discover that they are actually inside an aquarium on the back of a truck. The movie ends with the truck driving away, the Monkees still trapped in the glass box.
- Peter Tork as Peter
- David Jones as Davy
- Micky Dolenz as Micky
- Michael Nesmith as Mike
- Annette Funicello as Teresa/Minnie
- Timothy Carey as Lord High 'n' Low
- Logan Ramsey as Officer Faye Lapid
- Abraham Sofaer as Swami
- Vito Scotti as I. Vitteloni
- Charles Macaulay as Inspector Shrink
- T. C. Jones as Mr. and Mrs. Ace
- Charles Irving as Mayor Feedback
- William Bagdad as Black Sheik
- Percy Helton as Heraldic Messenger
- Sonny Liston as Extra
- Ray Nitschke as Private One
- Carol Doda as Sally Silicone
- Frank Zappa as The Critic
- June Fairchild as The Jumper
- Teri Garr as Testy True
- I. J. Jefferson as Lady Pleasure
- Victor Mature as The Big Victor
- Toni Basil as 'Daddy's Song' Dancer
- Lee Kolima as Guard
- Terry Chambers as Hero
- Mike Burns as Nothing
- Esther Shepard as Mother
- Kristine Helstoski as Girl Friend
- John Hoffman as The Sexfiend
- Linda Weaver as Lover Secretary
- Jim Hanley as Frodis
- Dennis Hopper as Himself
- Bob Rafelson as Himself
- Jack Nicholson as Movie Director in Restaurant
Kolima's role is sometimes attributed to Tor Johnson, who does not appear in the film.
The storylines and peak moments of the film came from a weekend visit to an Ojai, California resort where The Monkees, Rafelson, and Nicholson brainstormed into a tape recorder, reportedly with the aid of a quantity of marijuana. Jack Nicholson then took the tapes and used them as the basis for his screenplay which (according to Rafelson) he structured while under the influence of LSD. When the band learned that they would not be allowed to direct themselves or to receive screenwriting credit, Dolenz, Jones, and Nesmith staged a one-day walkout, leaving Tork the only Monkee on the set the first day. The strike ended after the first day when, to mollify The Monkees, the studio agreed to a larger percentage share of the film's net for the group. But the incident damaged The Monkees' relationship with Rafelson and Bert Schneider, and would effectively end their professional relationship together.
Filmed from February 15 to May 17, 1968, at Columbia Pictures/Screen Gems Studios in Culver City and at the Columbia Ranch in Burbank as well as on various locations in California:
- ribbon cutting ceremony – Gerald Desmond Bridge, Long Beach
- WAR chant cheerleader sequence – Pasadena Rose Bowl, Pasadena (cut from the Antenna TV version, replaces with "You Just May Be the One")
- factory sequence – Hyperion Sewage Treatment Plant, Playa Del Rey
- war sequence – Bronson Canyon; some sequences at San Francisco (cut from the Antenna TV version, replaces with "I'm a Believer")
- desert sequence – Palm Springs, California
- concert sequence – Valley Music Hall, Salt Lake City
- Micky's underwater sequence – The Bahamas
The song "Ditty Diego – War Chant" was written by Nicholson and is a parody of the band's original Boyce and Hart-written TV theme song; its lyrics illustrate the tone of self-parody evident in parts of the film:
Hey, hey, we are The Monkees
You know we love to please
A manufactured image
With no philosophies.
...
You say we're manufactured.
To that we all agree.
So make your choice and we'll rejoice
in never being free!
Hey, hey, we are The Monkees
We've said it all before
The money's in, we're made of tin
We're here to give you more!
The money's in, we're made of tin
We're here to give you ...
The final "We're here to give you ..." is interrupted by a gunshot, with footage of the execution of Viet Cong operative (q.v.) Nguy?n V?n Lém, by Brigadier General and then Chief of National Police Nguy?n Ng?c Loan.
Another part of the promotional campaign was placing Head stickers in random places. Rafelson commented that he and Nicholson were arrested at the New York City premiere on October 6 for trying to affix a sticker to a police officer's helmet as he mounted his horse.
While the film's music disappointed fans of the band's more traditional pop sound, it features what some critics considered to be some of The Monkees' best recorded work, including contributions by Carole King and Harry Nilsson. Jack Nicholson compiled the soundtrack album, which approximates the flow of the movie and includes large portions of the dialogue. The film's incidental music was composed and conducted by Ken Thorne, who also composed and conducted the incidental music to the Beatles' second film, Help! The film's most famous song, "Porpoise Song (Theme from Head)", appeared at the film's start and finish and left viewers feeling they were watching something dreamlike: The editing of the bridge scene and the slow motion was almost meant to feel like a dream. Bright color filters heighten the visual effect and dreamlike touch of the passages, which include mermaids rescuing member Micky Dolenz in the film's start. It was a psychedelic touch — recalling some visual and musical elements used for the Beatles' television film Magical Mystery Tour and their animated feature film Yellow Submarine — and was directed by George Dunning.
Andrew Sandoval, author of The Monkees: The Day-By-Day Story of the 60s TV Pop Sensation, commented that, "It has some of their best songs on it and ... the movie's musical performances are some of the most cohesive moments in the film."
The music of The Monkees often featured rather dark subject matter beneath a superficially bright, uplifting sound. The music of the film takes the darkness and occasional satirical elements of The Monkees' earlier tunes and makes it far more overt, as in "Ditty Diego – War Chant" or "Daddy's Song", which has Jones singing an upbeat, Broadway-style number about a boy abandoned by his father. In his 2012 essay on the soundtrack album, academic Peter Mills noted that "on this album the songs are only part of the story, as they were with The Monkees project as a whole: Signals, sounds, and ideas interfere with each other throughout."
The soundtrack includes:
- "Porpoise Song (Theme from Head)" – Gerry Goffin, Carole King
- "Ditty Diego – War Chant" – Bob Rafelson, Jack Nicholson
- "Circle Sky" – Michael Nesmith
- "Can You Dig It" – Peter Tork
- "As We Go Along" – Carole King, Toni Stern
- "Daddy's Song" – Harry Nilsson
- "Long Title: Do I Have to Do This All Over Again?" – Peter Tork
- Excerpts from the film, spliced in random order that is not consecutive to the film itself
Marketing
Trailers summarized it as a "most extraordinary adventure, western, comedy, love story, mystery, drama, musical, documentary satire ever made (And that's putting it mildly)." There were no pictures of The Monkees on the original poster; only a picture of John Brockman, who did the PR for the film.
Head was one of the first films to be advertised with an MPAA rating, with newspaper advertisements in New York daily papers on November 1, 1968 displaying a G rating.
Reception
A poor audience response at an August 1968 screening in Los Angeles eventually forced the producers to edit the picture from its original 110-minute length. The 86-minute Head premiered in New York City on November 6, 1968; the film later debuted in Hollywood on November 20. It was not a commercial success. This was in part because Head, being an antithesis of The Monkees sitcom, comprehensively demolished the group's carefully groomed public image while the older, hipper counterculture audience they had been reaching for rejected The Monkees' efforts out of hand.
The film's release also was delayed (partly because of the use of solarization, a then-new technique both laborious and expensive) and badly under-promoted. The sole television commercial was a confusing minimalist close-up shot of a man's head (John Brockman); after 30 seconds the man smiled and the name HEAD appeared on his forehead. This ad was a parody of Andy Warhol's 1963 film Blow Job, which only showed a close-up of a man's face for an extended period, supposedly
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