Drive is a 2011 American action drama film directed by Danish filmmaker Nicolas Winding Refn. The screenplay, written by Hossein Amini, is based on James Sallis' 2005 novel Drive. The film stars Ryan Gosling as an unnamed Hollywood stunt driver who moonlights as a getaway driver. He quickly grows fond of his neighbor, Irene (Carey Mulligan), and her young son, Benicio. When her debt-ridden husband, Standard (Oscar Isaac), is released from prison, the two men take part in what turns out to be a botched million-dollar heist that endangers the lives of everyone involved. Bryan Cranston, Christina Hendricks, Ron Perlman, and Albert Brooks play supporting roles.
Drive | |
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Theatrical release poster | |
Directed by | Nicolas Winding Refn |
Produced by |
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Screenplay by | Hossein Amini |
Based on | Drive by James Sallis |
Starring |
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Music by | Cliff Martinez |
Cinematography | Newton Thomas Sigel |
Edited by | Mat Newman |
Production companies |
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Distributed by | FilmDistrict |
Release date |
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Running time | 100 minutes |
Country | United States |
Language | English |
Budget | $15 million |
Box office | $76.2–$81.4 million |
Producers Marc Platt and Adam Siegel optioned Sallis's 2005 novel, after Siegel read a review from Publishers Weekly. Adapting the book proved to be challenging for Amini, as it had a nonlinear narrative. Gosling, one of Platt's top casting choices, eventually signed on for the lead, as he wanted to star in an action-oriented project. Gosling played a pivotal role in the film's production, which included hiring Refn as director and Beth Mickle as production designer. Newton Thomas Sigel oversaw the principal photography, which started on September 25, 2010, was shot on location in various parts of Los Angeles, and ended on November 12.
Before its September 2011 release, Drive had been shown at a number of film festivals, including the 2011 Cannes Film Festival, where it received a standing ovation. Refn won the festival's Best Director Award. The film received widespread praise for its direction, performances, visuals, action sequences, and musical score. However, some critics were appalled by its graphic violence and found that potentially detrimental to the film's box office success. Several critics listed Drive as one of the best films of 2011. Its honors, included being nominated for Best Sound Editing in the 84th Academy Awards.
Screenplay
An unnamed mechanic, who is a stunt driver and criminal-for-hire getaway car driver, lives in the MacArthur Park neighborhood of Los Angeles. His getaway driver jobs are all managed by auto shop owner Shannon, who persuades Jewish mobsters Bernie Rose and Nino to invest in a car for the Driver to race. Shannon promises them a large portion of the proceeds if the Driver wins. The Driver meets his neighbor Irene and her young son Benicio, growing closer as he spends more time with them. Their budding relationship is interrupted when Irene's husband, Standard Gabriel, is released from prison.
Standard owes protection money from his time in prison and is beaten up by Albanian gangster Cook. The latter demands that Standard rob a pawnshop to pay off the debt. Cook gives Benicio a bullet as a symbol that he and his mother are in danger, which the Driver takes after seeing Benicio fidgeting with it. The Driver, concerned for the safety of Irene and Benicio, offers to act as the getaway driver for Standard in the pawnshop robbery. Cook assigns them Blanche, one of his female associates, to assist them in the robbery.
The Driver finds and steals a 2011 Mustang GT for the job. The heist goes awry when the pawnshop owner shoots and kills Standard after Blanche returns to the car with the money in a duffel bag. Pursued by an unrelated mysterious adversary, the Driver and Blanche undergo an intense car chase before escaping with the money. The Driver hides with Blanche in a motel, where he learns from a news report that the pawnshop owner claims that Standard performed the robbery by himself and that no money had been stolen. The Driver slaps and threatens to beat Blanche when he suspects her to be lying about being oblivious to the second car. She admits that the bag contains a million dollars and that she and Cook planned to re-steal the money for themselves by using the car that chased them. Two of Cook's men ambush them in their room and kill Blanche before the Driver kills them both.
At the auto shop, Shannon offers to hide the money, but the Driver refuses. He hunts down Cook in a strip club, smashes his fingers with a hammer, threatens to kill him, and forcefeeds him the bullet that was given to Benicio. Cook reveals that Nino was behind the robbery. The Driver decides to return the money, but Nino dismisses the offer and instead sends a hitman to the Driver's apartment building. The Driver discloses his part in Standard's job and asks Irene to run away with him and the money, but she slaps him in anger at her husband's death and the Driver's involvement. Entering the elevator with her, the Driver encounters the hitman. He kisses Irene and brutally beats the hitman to death, leaving her stunned and horrified. Surprised that Nino knows his address, the Driver confronts Shannon, who reveals that he had also unwittingly mentioned Irene. The Driver advises Shannon to flee for his safety.
At the pizzeria, Nino reveals to Bernie that the pawnshop money belonged to a low-level Philadelphia mobster who was making inroads into their territory. Bernie insults Cook and scolds Nino for stealing from the East Coast Italian Mafia, noting that their lives will be in danger if word of their involvement gets out. Nino, however, is tired of being patronized and insulted by the Italian-American mobsters. Bernie finds the steady flow of money a redeeming quality in dealing with the East Coast mob, but Nino uses that argument to further his point: that they must kill everyone tied to the robbery, including the Driver and Shannon. Bernie promptly murders Cook with cutlery from the pizzeria, showing he accepts Nino's plan. When Shannon refuses to divulge the whereabouts of the Driver, Bernie kills him at the auto shop with a straight razor.
Disguised with a rubber mask from his stuntman job, the Driver follows Nino from the pizzeria to the Pacific Coast Highway and T-bones his car onto a beach; he chases Nino from the wreck to the ocean and drowns him. He makes a phone call to Irene to tell her that he is leaving and that meeting her and Benicio was the best thing ever to happen to him. The Driver goes to meet Bernie, who promises that Irene will be safe in exchange for the money. He gives Bernie the money, but Bernie stabs him in the stomach, trying to kill him. The Driver pulls out his own knife and fatally stabs Bernie. He abandons the money next to Bernie's corpse and leaves. Irene knocks on the Driver's apartment door, but no one answers. In the last shot, the Driver drives off into the night.
Development
—Marc Platt on preserving the integrity of the book in the film adaptation.
The novel Drive by James Sallis was published in 2005. Producers Marc Platt and Adam Siegel of Marc Platt Productions optioned the novel after Siegel read a review in Publishers Weekly. The driver intrigued Siegel because he was "the kind of character you rarely see anymore – he was a man with a purpose; he was very good at one thing and made no apologies for it". The character interested Platt, because he reminded him of movie heroes he looked up to as a child, characters typically portrayed by Steve McQueen or Clint Eastwood.
Academy Award-nominated screenwriter Hossein Amini adapted the novel for the screen. He felt it was a rare book to receive from a studio because it was short, gloomy, and like a poem. Since the novel does not present a linear story, but has many flashbacks and jumps around in time, Amini found the adaptation challenging. He felt the non-linear structure made it "a very tricky structure" for a feature film.
A film adaptation of Drive was first announced in early 2008, with Neil Marshall set to direct what was being described as "an L.A.-set action mystery", planned as a starring vehicle for Hugh Jackman. Universal Studios, which had tried to make a film version for some time, was also on board. By February 2010, Marshall and Jackman were no longer attached to the project.
Producer Marc E. Platt contacted actor Ryan Gosling about Drive early on. Platt explained: "I have this list that I've created of very talented individuals whose work inspire me – writers, directors, actors whom I have to work with before I go onto another career or do something else with my life." Near the top of Platt's list was Gosling, who, despite having starred in several films of diverse genres, had never starred in anything like Drive. He had always been interested in doing an action-oriented project. Gosling said that he had been put off by the many current action genre films that focused more on stunts instead of characters. But he responded to Platt about two days later, as he was strongly attracted to the plot and the leading role of the unnamed driver. He thought the story had a "very strong character" at its core, and a "powerful" romance.
In an interview with Rotten Tomatoes, Gosling was asked what had attracted him to the film, and whether he had read the earlier script when Jackman and director Neil Marshall were attached to it. He said:
I think that might be the original one I read. I read a few drafts. I read one as well where he wasn't a stunt driver at all, which was a newer draft – maybe that's the one Hugh Jackman had; I'm not sure exactly. Basically when I read it, in trying to figure out who would do something like this, the only way to make sense of this is that this is a guy that's seen too many movies, and he's started to confuse his life for a film. He's lost in the mythology of Hollywood and he's become an amalgamation of all the characters that he admires.
When Gosling signed on for the leading role, he was allowed to choose the director, a first in his career. The actor chose the Danish filmmaker Nicolas Winding Refn, whose work he admired. He said, "It had to be . There was no other choice."
When Refn read the first screenplay for Drive, he was more intrigued by the concept of a man having a split personality, being a stuntman by day and a getaway driver at night, than the plot of the story. Believing that the director might be intimidated by the script, as it was unlike anything he had done before, Gosling had concerns about whether Refn wanted to participate. Refn took on the project without hesitation.
Casting
Actor | Role | |
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Ryan Gosling | ... | Driver |
Carey Mulligan | ... | Irene |
Bryan Cranston | ... | Shannon |
Christina Hendricks | ... | Blanche |
Ron Perlman | ... | Nino |
Oscar Isaac | ... | Standard Gabriel |
Albert Brooks | ... | Bernie Rose |
When casting roles in his films, Refn does not watch casting tapes or have his actors audition for him. Instead, he meets with them, and casts them on the spot if he feels they are right.
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