Rodgers & Hammerstein's Cinderella (also known as simply Cinderella) is a 1997 American musical fantasy television film produced by Walt Disney Television, directed by Robert Iscove and written by Robert L. Freedman. Based on the French fairy tale by Charles Perrault, the film is the second remake and third version of Rodgers and Hammerstein's musical, which originally aired on television in 1957. Adapted from Oscar Hammerstein II's book, Freedman modernized the script in order to appeal to more contemporary audiences by updating its themes, particularly re-writing its main character into a stronger heroine. Co-produced by Whitney Houston, who also appears as Cinderella's Fairy Godmother, the film stars Brandy in the titular role and features a racially diverse cast consisting of Jason Alexander, Whoopi Goldberg, Bernadette Peters, Veanne Cox, Natalie Desselle, Victor Garber and Paolo Montalban.
Rodgers & Hammerstein's Cinderella | |
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Home video promotional image, featuring Houston and Brandy in costume as their respective characters. | |
Genre | Musical Fantasy |
Based on | Cendrillon by Charles Perrault Cinderella by Oscar Hammerstein II |
Written by | Robert L. Freedman |
Directed by | Robert Iscove |
Starring | Whitney Houston Brandy Jason Alexander Whoopi Goldberg Bernadette Peters Veanne Cox Natalie Desselle Victor Garber Paolo Montalban |
Theme music composer | Richard Rodgers Oscar Hammerstein II |
Country of origin | United States |
Original language(s) | English |
Production | |
Producer(s) | Whitney Houston Debra Martin Chase Craig Zadan Neil Meron Robyn Crawford David R. Ginsburg |
Running time | 88 minutes |
Production company(s) | Walt Disney Television BrownHouse Productions Storyline Entertainment |
Distributor | Buena Vista Television |
Budget | $12 million |
Release | |
Original network | ABC |
Original release | November 2, 1997 |
Following the success of the 1993 television adaptation of the stage musical Gypsy (1959), Houston approached Gypsy's producers Craig Zadan and Neil Meron about starring in a remake of Rodgers & Hammerstein's Cinderella for CBS. However, development was delayed for several years, during which time the network ultimately grew disinterested in the project. By the time the film was greenlit by Disney for ABC, Houston felt that she had since outgrown the title role, which she offered to Brandy instead. The decision to use a color-blind casting approach originated among the producers as a means of reflecting how society had evolved by the 1990s, with Brandy becoming the first black actress to portray Cinderella on screen. Among the most significant changes made to the musical, several songs from other Rodgers and Hammerstein productions were interpolated into the film to augment its score. With a production budget of $12 million, Rodgers & Hammerstein's Cinderella ranks among the most expensive television films ever made.
Heavily promoted to re-launch the anthology series The Wonderful World of Disney, Rodgers & Hammerstein's Cinderella premiered on ABC on November 2, 1997 to generally lukewarm reviews from critics. While most reviewers praised the film's costumes, sets and supporting cast, particularly the performances of Peters, Alexander and Goldberg, television critics were divided over Brandy and Houston's acting, as well as Disney's more feminist approach to Brandy's character. Cinderella proved a ratings success, originally airing to 60 million viewers and establishing itself as the most-watched television musical in decades, earning ABC its highest Sunday-night ratings in 10 years. Rodgers & Hammerstein's Cinderella was nominated for several industry awards, including seven Primetime Emmy Awards, winning one for Outstanding Art Direction for a Variety or Music Program. The program's success inspired Disney and ABC to produce several similar musical projects. Rodgers & Hammerstein's Cinderella is regarded by contemporary critics as a groundbreaking film due to the unprecedented diversity of its cast, particularly Brandy's portrayal.
Screenplay
Cinderella grows distracted while assisting her stepmother and her two stepsisters with their errands in the marketplace, where she meets a charming young man. Despite being apprehensive about communicating with and introducing herself to him at first, the pair bonds over the realization that both are dissatisfied with their sheltered home lives. Cinderella returns to her stepfamily's aid before she can discover that the young man is Prince Christopher. The prince returns to the palace, where he is apprehended by his valet Lionel for once again visiting the kingdom disguised as a commoner, and prince learns that his mother Queen Constantina plans to host a ball in order to find her son a suitable bride, an idea he protests because he would rather Christopher marry someone he loves.
The Stepmother is determined to marry her own awkward daughters off to the prince in order to improve their social status. Cinderella wishes to attend the ball herself but her stepfamily ridicules the idea, advising her that the prince would never be interested in her. At Lionel’s suggestion, Constantina and King Maximillian compromise that should Christopher not be successful in choosing a bride at the ball, he be allowed to find one on his own terms. Meanwhile, Cinderella’s stepfamily leaves for the ball, leaving Cinderella at home. Cinderella is soon visited by the Fairy Godmother for the first time, who encourages her to go to the ball; she magically transforms a pumpkin into a carriage, rats into footmen and a coachman, mice into horses, and her rags into a beautiful ballgown, complete with a pair of glass slippers. Warning her that the spell will only last until midnight, Cinderella attends to ball.
Yet to be impressed with any of the young women he meets, Christopher is growing weary until Cinderella arrives, and the pair instantly start dancing much to the annoyance of Cinderella’s stepfamily, who can’t help but feel that the unidentified princess is familiar. Cinderella grows dismayed and wishes to leave when the king and queen interrogate her about her background, but Fairy Godmother encourages her to stay. The clock strikes midnight as Cinderella and the prince share their first kiss, but Cinderella flees on foot while the spell is reverted, leaving behind a single glass slipper. With his parents' blessing, the prince declares that he will marry whomever fits the slipper, even if it means trying it on every maiden in the kingdom.
Cinderella’s stepfamily return home, sharing embellished recounts of their evening. Cinderella explains that she can only imagine what it must have been like and the family briefly bonds over the memory, only for the Stepmother to soon recognize Cinderella as the mysterious princess with whom the prince danced, and insisting that she will never be more than a common girl. With final encouragement from her fairy godmother, Cinderella finally decides she will run away from home.
When the prince and Lionel arrive at Cinderella’s home, the stepmother locks Cinderella in the kitchen hoping to keep her hidden. Cinderella’s stepfamily – including stepmother – try on the slipper with little success. Lionel demands that the kitchen be unlocked, and the prince discovers Cinderella in the courtyard about to leave. The slipper fits her perfectly, and Cinderella and the prince soon marry in a grand ceremony, while her stepfamily is forced to watch from outside the palace gates.
Order of credits adapted from Variety magazine and the British Film Institute:
- Whitney Houston as Fairy Godmother
- Brandy as Cinderella
- Jason Alexander as Lionel
- Whoopi Goldberg as Queen Constantina
- Bernadette Peters as Stepmother
- Veanne Cox as Calliope
- Natalie Desselle as Minerva
- Victor Garber as King Maximillian
- Paolo Montalbán as Prince Christopher
Origins and development
Rodgers & Hammerstein's Cinderella was the third screen version of the musical. Songwriters Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II originally wrote Cinderella as a musical exclusively for television starring Julie Andrews, which aired in 1957 to 107 million viewers. The telecast was remade in 1965 starring Lesley Ann Warren, airing annually on CBS from 1965 to 1972. The idea to remake Cinderella for television a second time originated as early as 1992, at which time producers Craig Zadan and Neil Meron first approached the Rodgers & Hammerstein Organization about obtaining the screen rights to the production. Further development was inspired by the success of CBS' adaptation of the stage musical Gypsy (1993) starring Bette Midler which, in addition to being credited with reviving interest in the genre, Zadan and Meron had also produced; CBS executive Jeff Sagansky asked Zadan and Meron to start brainstorming ideas for a follow-up project shortly after Gypsy premiered. The day after Gypsy's original broadcast, Whitney Houston's agent Nicole David asked the producers if they were interested in developing a similar project starring her client, to whom they suggested Cinderella with Houston playing the titular role. CBS originally intended to air the completed film by the end of the 1994-1995 television season, but the project was continuously delayed. The network grew disinterested in favor of other titles by 1996, while Houston herself was already committed to other projects. Zadan explained that, because of her popularity, Houston "had so many other concrete things that she was doing that 'Cinderella' took a back seat". The singer eventually aged to the point at which she no longer felt suitable for the role of Cinderella. Houston explained that by the time she became a wife and mother, she was not "quite feeling like Cinderella" anymore, believing that portraying the ingenue would require significant "reaching" for herself as an actress.
By the late 1990s, Disney had grown interested in reviving their long-running anthology program The Wonderful World of Disney. Hoping to relaunch the series using "a big event", Disney CEO Michael Eisner approached Zadan and Meron about potential television projects; the producers suggested Houston's Cinderella, which Eisner green-lit immediately. After relocating their production company, Storyline Entertainment, from CBC to Disney Studios, Zadan and Meron re-introduced the project to Houston. Agreeing that Cinderella required a certain "naivete ... that's just not there when you're 30-something", the producers suggested that Houston play Cinderella's fairy godmother instead, a role she accepted because it was "less demanding" and required less time to film. For the titular role, Houston recommend singer Brandy, a close friend of hers, in her first major film appearance. Brandy had been starring on the sitcom Moesha at the time but was still relatively new to television audiences, despite her success as a recording artist. Houston believed that Brandy possessed the energy and "wonder" to play Cinderella convincingly, admitting that their fictional relationship as godmother and goddaughter translates "well on-screen because it starts from real life"; when Houston telephoned Brandy to offer her the role, she introduced herself as her fairy godmother. Brandy, who identified "Cinderella" as her favorite fairy tale, was the first person of color to portray the character on screen, with both Brandy and Houston becoming the first African-American actresses to play their respective roles in any screen adaptation of the fairy tale, although an all-black modern-day re-telling of "Cinderella" entitled Cindy had premiered in 1978.
Brandy likened being hand-selected for Cinderella by a performer she idolizes to a real-life fairy tale, accepting the role because she already had successful singing and acting careers, in addition to relating to the main character in several ways. The fact that Cinderella is traditionally depicted as white did not discourage Brandy from pursuing the role. Having grown up watching Caucasian actresses portray Cinderella, Houston felt that 1997 was "a good time" to cast a woman of color as the titular charact
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