The Fertile Crescent

The Fertile Crescent is considered the birthplace of agriculture, urbanization, writing, trade, science, history, and organized religion and began to flourish around 10,000 BCE (Before the Era) when agriculture and animal husbandry began in the region. By 9,000 BCE the cultivation of wild beans and grains had become very widespread and, by 5000 BCE, irrigation of agricultural crops was fully developed. Sumerian farmers grew wheat and barley in about 10000 BCE In 4500 BCE, wool-raising was widely practiced. The earliest towns began about 4300 BCE with the cultivation of wheat and barley. The unusually fertile soil of the region encouraged the cultivation of wheat and rice, barley and From 3400 BC, the priests (former city officials) were responsible for distributing food and carefully monitoring the remainder of the trade.

In 2300 BCE, soap was made from longow and ashes and was widely used. Man's attention to cleanliness was emphasized by the fact that humans were thought to be created as helpers of idols and should therefore make themselves visible in the performance of their duties (this was done especially for Priestly Class). In 2000 BCE, Babylon came under the control of the Fertile Crescent, and the region saw the progress of the law (Hammurabi's famous code) (Epic of Gilgamesh, among other works) religion (the development of the Babylonian pantheon) science and mathematics. From 1900 to 1400 BCE trade with Europe, Egypt, Phenicia, and the Indian subcontinent flourished, resulting in widespread literacy, culture, and religion.

The region has changed hands several times over the years. In 600 BCE the Assyrians controlled the Fertile Crescent and, in 580, the Chaldean Empire of Babylon under Nebuchadnezzar II ruled over the region. In 539 BCE Babylon fell to Cyrus the Great after the Opis War and lands fell under the rule of the Achaemenid Empire (also known as The First Persian Empire). Alexander the Great invaded this region in 334 BCE, after which the Parthians ruled until after Rome in 116 CE. After the temporary occupation and occupation of Rome, the region was conquered by the Sassanid Persians (c. 226 CE) and, finally, by the Arab Muslims in the seventh century CE.

At that time, information from cities that grew along the Tigris and Euphrates rivers had long been circulated in the ancient world but the cities themselves were devastated by the devastation caused by the many military coups and natural causes. such as earthquakes and fires. Excessive land use and urbanization also led to the decline and eventual abandonment of cities. Eridu, considered by the first Mesopotamians to be the first city on earth, built and inhabited by the gods, was abandoned from 600 BCE, Uruk, the city of Gilgamesh, from 200 CE and Babylon, the city that provided writing, law, and culture in the world was desolate.