5G TECHNOLOGY

    INTRODUCTION -  5G, a world where everything will be very fast and be smart. The electronic devices and the cars which are running on the roads will communicate with each other. And the work that you take hours to do will be done in a few seconds. 5G will not only bring speed with her , but will also change your whole life . We all have covered a journey from 1 G to 4G and now we all are moving towards 5G technology. And it is being said that it will give 10 times more speed than 4G. 

             1G (1981) - It deals with basic voice service , Analogue cellular , 2 kbps.

            2G (1992) -  It deals with digital voice , sms , 64 Kbps.

            3G(2001) - It deals with mobile broadband, designed for data , voice , 2 Mbps.

           4G(2011) - It is based on data , true wireless broad band , 100Mbps.

WHAT IS 5G ?

       Firstly , we know what 5G is ? And what is needed when 4G is so popular. The 4G network has become congested with more people connecting. The average speed we get in 4G  network is 1.10 Mbps and litancy 50-100 milliseconds. Because the spectrum that 4G uses, there is not much fast data transfer capability. So with the increasing popularity of internet users and automated machines in future , self driving cars all these will require fast internet and flame litancy. So it's solution is 5G. 

     5G NR - 5TH GENERATION NEW RADIO NETWORK GIVES THEORETICAL SPEED OF 20 Gbit/s . Although these will be Sharing. So we users will get around speed of at least 100 Mbps and nearly with 1 millilitre litancy. And it will also be able to handle more population in place. 

DEFINITION - 5G (5th generation mobile networks or 5th generation wireless systems) denotes the proposed next major phase of mobile telecommunication standards beyond the current 4G/ IMT -Advanced standards.

HOW 5G WORKS ?

          Firstly we talk about SPECTRUM .There are 3 spectrum in 5G .

1. SUB 1 Ghz ( less than 1 Ghz) :  Spectrum below 1 Ghz such as 600 Mhz, 700 Mhz all these frequencies can go far enough to cross the walls , but they do not have much speed. 

     Ex- 600 Mhz

            700Mhz

(a) Slow speed - 100 Mbps maximum .

(b) It covers a large area.

(c) It can penetrate concrete walls . It is now become congested 4G network. 

(d) Every person is using sub 1 Ghz in 4G and it also being used in 5G so here it is very clear that 4G will be the backbone of 5G.

2. SUB 6 Ghz (MEDIUM BAND 1Ghz -6Ghz) - The 300-500 Ghz frequency is unused . 1000-6000 Mhz frequency have high data transfer frequency but the range is short .

       TO INCREASE RANGE IN SUB 6 GHz -

    - massive mimo, multiple mimo 

    - Macro cells

    - Career aggregation 

    - Qam - 256

    - Beamforming.

The sub 6 GHz is also known as LTE ADVANCE.

(A) LTE ADVANCE (4G+ OR 4.5G ) - Career aggregation of sub 1 and sub 6 GHz frequencies, advanced mimo , 256 Qam, speed up to 1ghz . There is a LTE ADVANCE PRO which brings close to 5G.

(B) LTE ADVANCE PRO - Career aggregation of sub 1 and sub 6 GHz frequencies , advanced Mimo, 256 Qam , LTE -U , LTE wifi convergence , few small cells, speed upto 2ghz.

3. mm waves (High band ) - This is a true 5G . (6ghz-100ghz) what happens in 4G that the tower gives signals around. Whether there is one or not. But this will not happen in 5G. Using beanforming you will get the highest speed of 20 gigabit per second. 

  - Super fast 20 Gbps.

  - Very short Range . It cannot cross the walls of building. Small cells are used instead of big tower . These small cells box will be placed a little bit away. These boxes will be close to you and will remove the problem of your range. 

TECHNOLOGIES USED IN 5G : 

  -wide range of frequencies

  - Career aggregation 

  - Advance mimo

  - beanforming 

  - LTE -U

  - Qam 256 

  - Qam -1024 

  - NFV - Network functions virtualization

  - SDN - Software defined networking etc. They all form a 5G network.

      5G can be so strong that it can handle 1 million devices in 1 square kilometer range and machines will also be able to take advantage of 5G like smart home solution , driverless cars , robot i.e INTERNET OF THINGS will bring 5G now. A lot of it also share with 4G . For Example , it is common from 4G to Sub 6 GHz spectrum. And advance 4G uses many technologies of 5G. Like massive memo , beantracking. So because of the ability to use more GHz spectrum technology in 5G, you will be able to provide a growing internet demand like 5G India in fast internet.

USE CASE OF 5G : 

1. Superfast data . Movie can be downloaded within in 10 second.

2. Lower latency important for IoT devices like self driving cars , health care , smart homes, remote devices control.

3. Able to provide data to speedy vehicles.

4. Able to to handle massive data traffic use lesser power. Etc

FEATURES : 

1. Wider multimedia option.

2. Connection everywhere zero.

3. Faster response time.

4. Higher increased peak bit rate.

5. Larger data volume per unit.

6. Lower battery consumption.

7. Higher capacity to allow more device connectivity.

8. Battery life  will be much longer.

9. About 90% reduction in network energy usage.

10. Higher quality sounds.

ADVANTAGE OF 5G :

1. Increased speed upto 1.5 GHz.

2. Higher speed over longer distance.

3. Less interference with other wireless devices.

4. Extanded battery life.

DISADVANTAGE OF 5G: 

1. Signal is not accurate.

2. All client device still don't support 802.11

3. Speed and performance of a device can vary for different devices.

4. Possible problem with interference between other 802.11 ac devices.

5. Higher cost.

6. Old 802.11 ac device cannot support a new one hardware replacement is required.

7. 5G is danger for migratory birds like artic teen loses direction because of electric and radio waves interference.

  THANKING YOU...