Sarkar was born in Satkhira. He is a top-order batsman, who was a part of the 2010 and 2012 Under-19 World Cup teams. In the 2012 Under-19 World Cup, Sarkar came into the spotlight after 'dangerous Australia's Jimmy Peirson. He made his First-Class debut for Khulna Division against Dhaka Division in the 2010–11 season. In November 2013, he was included in Bangladesh's T20 squad for a one-off game against New Zealand, but did not find a place in the final XI. Sarkar was included in the squad for Bangladesh's home series against Zimbabwe and made his debut in the final ODI in December 2014. He was subsequently named in the 2015 World cup in Australia-New Zealand. Sarkar plays for the Rangpur Riders in the Bangladesh Premier League, Khulna Division in the National Cricket League, and Prime Bank Cricket Club in the Dhaka Premier Division. He made his One Day International debut for Bangladesh against Zimbabwe on 1 December 2014. Soumya got his first one-day international ton against Pakistan at Sher-e-Ban National Cricket Stadium. He represented Bangladesh in the 2015 Cricket World Cup. Soumya Sarkar holds the record along with Mohammad Kaif and Umar Akmal for taking the most number of catches in a single World Cup match(4) Sarkar made his Twenty20 International debut for Bangladesh against Pakistan in April 2015. On 22 April 2015, Sarkar hit his maiden ODI hundred and added 145 with Tamim Iqbal.^[7][8] He made his Test debut against Pakistan in April 2015.^[9]

Soumya Sarkar was also the part of the emotional 100th test match of Bangladesh,where they stunned Sri Lanka on its home soil. He played the key role in that historic test match,scoring 61 in the first innings and took 5 catches in that match,the most by any player for Bangladesh in a single test match.^[10][11][12] Sarkar also set the record for taking the most test catches for Bangladesh in a test innings(4)^[13]