Muhammad Iqbal (Urdu: ???? ????????) (November 9, 1877 – April 21, 1938), widely known as Allama Iqbal, was a poet, philosopher and politician, as well as an academic, barrister and scholar in British India who is widely regarded as having inspired the Pakistan Movement. He is called the "Spiritual Father of Pakistan." He is considered one of the most important figures in Urdu literature, with literary work in both Urdu and Persian.

Allama Muhammad Iqbal ???? ???????
Allama Muhammad Iqbal
Born	Muhammad Iqbal (1877-11-09)9 November 1877 Sialkot, Punjab Province, British India, (now in Punjab, Pakistan)
Died	21 April 1938(1938-04-21) (aged 60) Lahore, Punjab, British India (now in Punjab, Pakistan)
Nationality	British subject
Alma mater	Scotch Mission College (F.A.) Government College (B.A., M.A.) University of Cambridge (B.A.) University of Munich (Ph.D.)
Notable work	Bang-e-Dara, The Secrets of the Self, The Secrets of Selflessness, Message from the East, Persian Psalms, Javid Nama, Sare Jahan se Accha (more works)
Era	20th-century philosophy
Region	Muslim world
School	Islamic philosophy
Main interests	Islam, Urdu poetry, Persian poetry, Law
Notable ideas	Allahabad Address
Influences Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani, Syed Mir Hassan, Rumi, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Friedrich Nietzsche, Henri Bergson, Thomas Walker Arnold
Influenced Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Pakistan Movement, Islamic Republic of Pakistan, Ale Ahmed Suroor, Ali Shariati, Fateh Muhammad Malik

Iqbal is admired as a prominent poet by Indians, Pakistanis, Iranians and other international scholars of literature. Though Iqbal is best known as an eminent poet, he is also a highly acclaimed "Muslim philosophical thinker of modern times". His first poetry book, The Secrets of the Self, appeared in the Persian language in 1915, and other books of poetry include The Secrets of Selflessness, Message from the East and Persian Psalms. Amongst these, his best known Urdu works are The Call of the Marching Bell, Gabriel's Wing, The Rod of Moses and a part of Gift from Hijaz. Along with his Urdu and Persian poetry, his Urdu and English lectures and letters have been very influential in cultural, social, religious and political disputes.

In 1923, he was knighted by King George V, granting him the title "Sir". While studying law and philosophy in England, Iqbal became a member of the London branch of the All-India Muslim League. Later, during the League's December 1930 session, he delivered his most famous presidential speech known as the Allahabad Address in which he pushed for the creation of a Muslim state in northwest India.

In much of South Asia and the Urdu-speaking world, Iqbal is regarded as the Shair-e-Mashriq (Urdu: ???? ??????, "Poet of the East"). He is also called Mufakkir-e-Pakistan (Urdu: ???? ?????????, "The Thinker of Pakistan"), Musawar-e-Pakistan (Urdu: